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  3. A major reason that most experts today support concepts such as a youth service bureau is that traditional correctional practice

A major reason that most experts today support concepts such as a youth service bureau is that traditional correctional practice

admin2010-04-12  81
问题     A major reason that most experts today support concepts such as a youth service bureau is that traditional correctional practices fail to rehabilitate (使恢复正常生活) many delinquent youths. It has been estimated that as many as 70 percent of such youths are involved in new offenses following their release. Contemporary correctional institutions are usually isolated—geographically and socially—from the communities in which most of delinquent youths live. In addition, rehabilitative programmes focus on the individual delinquent rather than the environmental conditions which foster delinquency.
    Finally, many institutions do not play a supportive role on behalf of those committed to their care. They fail to do anything constructive about the back-home conditions—family, school, work—faced by the young criminals. As a result, too often institutionalization (将某人收入社会福利机构) serves as a barrier to the successful return of them to their communities.
    Perhaps the most serious consequence of sending youths to large, centralized institutions, however, is that too frequently they serve as a training ground for criminal careers. The classic example of the adult offender who leaves prison more knowledgeable in the ways of crime than when he entered is no less true of the juvenile committed to a correctional facility.The failures of traditional correctional institutions point to the need for the development of a full range of strategies and treatment techniques as alternatives to imprisonment.
    Most experts today favour the use of small, decentralized correctional programmes located in or close to communities where the young offender lives. Vocational training, job placement services, remedial education activities, and street-working programs are among the community-based activities available for working with the delinquent and potentially delinquent.
    Over and above all the human factors cited, the case for community-based programmes is further strengthened when cost is considered. The most recent figures show that more than ＄258 million is being spent annually on public institutions for delinquent youths. The average annual operating cost for each imprisoned youth is estimated at a little over ＄5,000, significantly more than the cost of sending a boy or a girl to the best private college for the same period of time.
The most serious problem of large centralized correctional institutions is that ______.
选项 A、they make no distinction between adult offenders and juvenile offenders
B、they make more delinquent youths lose hope for their future
C、their efforts to rehabilitate delinquent youths are completely in vain
D、they provide chances for delinquent youths to be more knowledgeable in crime
答案D
解析
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