首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival
admin
2011-02-11
24
问题
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic end literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.
To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth century Athens provide the most obviously examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of programs might help explain the dynamics of historical change.
The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore. Byzantine military achievements lad to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.
No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first, economic second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military, balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.
It can be inferred that by the eleventh century the Byzantine military forces ______.
选项
A、had reached their peak and begun to decline
B、had eliminated the Bulgarian army
C、were comparable in size to the army of Rome under Augustus
D、were strong enough to withstand the Abbasid Caliphate’s military forces
答案
D
解析
细节推理题。问题要求推断11世纪拜占庭的军事实力,文章中与军事实力有关的主要再现在两处,首先是第一段后半段说到,到11世纪收复了一半失地,稳定了边界,并影响到国外。由此可以推断A“达顶并衰退”不对。后面在第四段文章又谈到“872年后拜占庭帝国与哈里发阿拉伯国家(Abbasid Caliphate)的军事力量对比(military balance)已占优。”D项的含义与其相符,故为正解,B和C在文章中没提到,
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gAeO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
EducationalValuesDuringthefirstweekatNorthAmericanuniversities,studentsmustdoafewthingsinpreparation,solif
BasicCulturalTypesAsbusinessgoesglobal,businessmenhavecometofindthepeopleindifferentculturesactquitediffer
BasicCulturalTypesAsbusinessgoesglobal,businessmenhavecometofindthepeopleindifferentculturesactquitediffer
Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappea
DavidLandes,authorofTheWealthandPovertyofNations:WhySomeAreSoRichandSomeSoPoor,creditstheworld’seconomica
Whiletherootsofsocialpsychologylieintheintellectualsoilofthewholewesterntradition,itspresentfloweringisrecog
Whiletherootsofsocialpsychologylieintheintellectualsoilofthewholewesterntradition,itspresentfloweringisrecog
A、doublelastyear’sfood-aid.B、raise$122millionforIraqipeople.C、provideeachIraqifamilywith$26amonth.D、helpIraq’
Thesymbolsaresaidtobearbitrarybecausetheydonot______whattheyrepresent.
ComingHome:LifeAfterStudyAbroadManyreturneeswhohavestudiedabroadmaysufferre-entrycultureshockwhentheygoba
随机试题
我国常见的民歌体裁有()。
温度的测算标准主要有()。
A、致畸作用B、二重感染C、特异反应D、后遗作用E、变态反应葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏的病人,服用磺胺药后出现溶血反应,为药物的
女性,28岁,右下腹痛、腹泻伴关节酸痛、低热半年,查体心、肺正常,腹软,右下腹触及可疑肿块,X线钡餐检查显示回盲部有钡影跳跃征象,最可能的诊断是
已知证券组合P是由证券A和B构成,证券A和B的期望收益、标准差以及相关系数如表1所示。那么,组合P的期望收益和方差为( )。
广告创意的过程的最后一个阶段是()。
《关于促进乡村旅游可持续发展的指导意见》指出,要坚持以农民为受益主体,以农业农村为基本依托,尊重农民意愿,注重农民的全过程参与,调动农民积极性与创造性。()
下列属于五经的有()。
PaperShredderPriceUsageCutTypeCommentsPrivacySolutionsPL-1500$28light
AmericansandFoodAnunusualbuttimelycartoonrecentlyappearedinthelocalnewspaper.Thesinglepanelshowedagravel-
最新回复
(
0
)