首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Nearly all cultures have a version of the arrow of time, a process by which they move towards the future and away from the past.
Nearly all cultures have a version of the arrow of time, a process by which they move towards the future and away from the past.
admin
2022-07-26
56
问题
Nearly all cultures have a version of the arrow of time, a process by which they move towards the future and away from the past. According to a paper to be published in Psychological Science this has an interesting psychological effect. A group of researchers, led by Eugene Caruso of the University of Chicago, found that people judge the distance of events differently, depending on whether they are in the past or future.
The paper calls this the "Temporal Doppler Effect". In physics, the Doppler effect describes the way that waves change frequency depending on whether their source is traveling towards or away from you. Mr. Caruso argues that something similar happens with people’s perception of time. Because future events are associated with diminishing distance, while those in the past are thought of as receding, something happening in one month feels psychologically closer than something that happened a month ago.
This idea was tested in a series of experiments. In one, researchers asked 323 volunteers and divided them into two groups. A week before Valentine’s Day, members of the first were asked how they planned to celebrate it. A week after February 14th the second group reported how they had celebrated it. Both groups also had to describe how near the day felt on a scale of one to seven. Those describing forthcoming plans were more likely to report it as feeling "a short time from now", while those who had already experienced it tended to cluster at the "a long time from now" end of the scale. To account for the risk that recalling actual events requires different cognitive functions than imagining ones that have not yet happened, they also asked participants to rate the distance of hypothetical events a month in the past or future. The asymmetry remained.
Interestingly, the effect can be reversed by manipulating time’s arrow. In another experiment, participants were plugged into a virtual reality machine, with some moving forwards along a tree-lined street others backwards. Those who were moving backwards reported that past events began to feel closer.
Mr. Caruso speculates that his research has implications for psychological well-being. He suspects that people who do not show this bias—those who feel the past as being closer—might be more subject to depression, because they are more likely to dwell on past events. There may also be lessons for politicians and business leaders. Talking of future plans may be more effective than boasting about past successes. "People want to know what are you going to do for me next, not what have you done for me lately," suggests Mr. Caruso.
According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is true of the experiments?
选项
A、Members of the second group have generally forgotten the details about Valentine’s Day.
B、Members of the first group show better sense of time than those of the second group.
C、Members of the second group present worse abilities in cognition and imagination.
D、Members of the first group are likely to report at the opposite end of the scale to the second group.
答案
D
解析
根据题于可直接定位到第三段。该段介绍了科研人员的实验。在实验过程中,人们要对同样远近的一周按照1-7的范围标注不同程度的距离感。该段第六句用while引导的并列句,表明两组人之间的对比:第一组人认为是a short time from now:第二组人认为是a long time from now。两组人的观点形成很大的反差,由此可知两组的距离值应当是相反的两端,因此D项正确。虽然第二组的人认为过去了一周的情人节好像是遥远了,但这并不代表他们已经忘记,只是在事件的时间距离上产生不同的感觉,故A项错误。两组人对过去或将来的事件距离感不同,与个人的时间观并无关系,故B项错误。第三段第七句提到,与想象那些未发生的事情相比,回忆实际发生的事情可能需要不同的认知功能,但这并不能说明在回忆与想象的认知能力方面谁高谁低,文中也未比较两组人之间的认识能力高低,C项排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gLmZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Whetherwewantitornotweareallgreedybynature.Fromthemomentweare【C1】______andtothelastdayofourlifewe【C2】___
Whetherwewantitornotweareallgreedybynature.Fromthemomentweare【C1】______andtothelastdayofourlifewe【C2】___
Seariseasaresultofglobalwarmingwouldimmediatelythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobelivingatsealevel.Nearlyo
AlthoughtherearemanyskillfulBraillereaders,thousandsofotherblindpeoplefinditdifficulttolearnthatsystem.Theya
AlthoughtherearemanyskillfulBraillereaders,thousandsofotherblindpeoplefinditdifficulttolearnthatsystem.Theya
Lawyersarelessthan1%ofAmericanadults,【C1】______theyarewell-representedingovernment.Boththepresidentandthevice-p
Lawyersarelessthan1%ofAmericanadults,【C1】______theyarewell-representedingovernment.Boththepresidentandthevice-p
SowhyisGooglesuddenlysointerestedinrobots?That’sthequestioneveryone’saskingafteritemergedthismonththatthein
Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,full【C1】______inthehandlingofhistarget
Whenpeopletalkaboutthedigitaldivide,theyusuallymeanthe【C1】______betweenpeoplewhoarebenefitingfromtheinformation
随机试题
关于肾小管分泌NH3,以下错误的是
从历史的观点看,企业价值观经历了四个时期的发展,包括工业化初期、工业化中期、工业化后期和__________。
调节六阴经经气的是
人的血液输送到全身需要一定的压力,这个压力就是血压;血管内血液对单位面积血管壁的侧压力称为压强;通常所说的血压为动脉血压;一般卧位、坐位及立位不同,主要原因是人体姿势的改变使人体会发生血流动力学发生变化。正常成年人从卧位到立位时,静脉可多容纳多少血液
A、银翘散B、附子汤C、葛根芩连汤D、生脉散合复脉汤E、血府逐瘀汤合生脉散病毒性心肌炎风热邪毒内侵心脉证的用方是
桥梁结构中,常用的伸缩缝装置有镀锌薄钢板沥青麻絮伸缩缝、( )、橡胶伸缩缝等。
某企业于2014年2月14日向商标局申请商品注册商标,商标局于3月28日核准注册。在此情况下,该注册商标有效期截止时间为()。
【背景资料】 某水电站工程主要工程内容包括:碾压混凝土坝、电站厂房、溢洪道等,工程规模为中型。水电站装机容量为50MW,碾压混凝土坝坝顶高程417m,最大坝高65m。该工程工平面布置示意图如图5-1所示。 事件1:根据合同工期要求,该工程施工导流部
临时管理规约的主要内容包括:物业的自然状况和权利状况,涉及业主共同利益的事项等。但不包括()。
商业银行为客户提供票据发行便利,属于其()。
最新回复
(
0
)