2. 考研
  3. Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total Independence of it; and exist in much greate

Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total Independence of it; and exist in much greate

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问题     Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total Independence of it; and exist in much greater clearness, and in a much greater degree of abstract perfection; but their abstract perfection is their practical defect. By having a right to everything, men want everything. Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be provided for by this wisdom. Among these wants is to be reckoned the want, out of civil society, of a sufficient restraint upon their passions. Society requires not only that the passions of individuals should be subjected, but that even in the mass and body, as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted, their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection. This can only be done by a power out of themselves; and not, in the exercise of its function, subject to that will and those passions which it is its office to bridle and subdue. In this sense, the liberties and the restrictions vary with times and circumstances, and admit to infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon by any abstract rule; and nothing is so foolish as to discuss them upon that principle.
    The moment you abate anything from the full rights of men, each to golem himself, and suffer any artificial, positive limitation upon those rights, from that moment the whole organization of government becomes a consideration of convenience. This is which makes the contusion of a state, and the due distribution of its powers, a matter of the most delicate and complicated skill. It requires a deep knowledge of human nature and human necessities, and of the thugs that facilitate or obstruct the various ends, which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions. The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers. What is the use of discussing a man’ s abstract right to food and medicine? The question is upon the method of procuring and administering them. In that deliberation, I shall always advise to call in the and of the farmer and the physician,  rather than the professor of metaphysics (形而上学).
    Which of the following can replace the word "thwarted" in the first paragraph?
选项 A、subjected
B、supported
C、controlled
D、prevented
答案D
解析 释义题。根据上下文可知，“社会不仅要求个人的情感受到屈从，而且从整个社会来讲，人类不应该随心所欲，他们的意志应该受到节制，感情也应该变的屈从”。所以判断thwarted应该是“阻止，阻挠”的意思。因此D项prevented阻止，妨碍”为正确答案。subjected“经受，遭受”，supported“支持，帮助”，controlled“控制，限定”。ABC三项均不符合题意。
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