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  3. A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i

A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i

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问题      A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigation in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or programm designed beforehand.
     At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in tile modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms. Nevertheless, the scientist was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined programm to which he had to conform.
     As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed research.
     One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Since private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied filed, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.
     Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science and not only pure sciences, but applied science as well.
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
选项 A、In programmed research scientists have a supposed program to go by.
B、Government departments apply programmed research on an increasing scale nowadays.
C、Applied science and pure science rely on each other.
D、Private industrial departments are not a little interested in long-term research.
答案D
解析 本题考查是非判断。在第四段第二句中作者谈到私营企业甚至政府主管部门往往只注重抓马上产生效益的研究项目，而对那些需要长期研究的项目很少感兴趣，这和选项D 正好相反。注意：not a little的意思是“相当地”(=considerably)。如：He was not a little annoyed when he heard the news．听到这消息时，他相当烦恼。本题中的其它三个选项均可从文中找到相关内容。选项A 和B 与第一段内容相符。注意：本段最后一句中的to do in accordance with与选项A 中的to go by意思一样。选项C 与最后一段中的the interdependence between pure and applied science相吻合。Interdependence等于relying on each other．因此选项D 为正确答案。
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