首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i
A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i
admin
2010-07-06
40
问题
A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research, i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigation in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or programm designed beforehand.
At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in tile modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms. Nevertheless, the scientist was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined programm to which he had to conform.
As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed research.
One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Since private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied filed, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.
Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science and not only pure sciences, but applied science as well.
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
选项
A、In programmed research scientists have a supposed program to go by.
B、Government departments apply programmed research on an increasing scale nowadays.
C、Applied science and pure science rely on each other.
D、Private industrial departments are not a little interested in long-term research.
答案
D
解析
本题考查是非判断。在第四段第二句中作者谈到私营企业甚至政府主管部门往往只注重抓马上产生效益的研究项目,而对那些需要长期研究的项目很少感兴趣,这和选项D 正好相反。注意:not a little的意思是“相当地”(=considerably)。如:He was not a little annoyed when he heard the news.听到这消息时,他相当烦恼。本题中的其它三个选项均可从文中找到相关内容。选项A 和B 与第一段内容相符。注意:本段最后一句中的to do in accordance with与选项A 中的to go by意思一样。选项C 与最后一段中的the interdependence between pure and applied science相吻合。Interdependence等于relying on each other.因此选项D 为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gOJd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Wherewastheletterprobablyplacedmanyyearsago?
Wherewastheletterprobablyplacedmanyyearsago?
Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscuss?
ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millio
Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,from【C1】______praisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativit
Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,from【C1】______praisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativit
Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,from【C1】______praisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativit
Accordingtothewoman,whatgovernstheclotheswewear?
Whatisyourresponsibilitywhenyou,asaschoolprincipal,gettheteacher’sreport?
Whatisyourresponsibilitywhenyou,asaschoolprincipal,gettheteacher’sreport?
随机试题
阅读下面程序publicclassOperatorsAndExpressions{voidequalsMethodl(){Stringsl=newString(“howareyou”);Strings2=newString(“howarey
患者下痢日久不愈,时发时止,腹胀食少嗜卧怕冷,常饮食不当、受凉、劳累而发发作时大便次数增多,黏液夹有血液,舌淡苔腻,脉虚而数。痢疾发作时,粪便镜检30~40个白细胞/高倍视野。其证是
患儿,男,14岁。上颌牙龈时常流脓多日。查深龋,探无穿髓孔,松动Ⅱ度,叩(±),温测无反应。患牙唇侧根尖处有一瘘管。临床治疗宜采用
资本主义工资的本质不是______的价值或价格,而是______的价值或价格。它有两种基本形式,即计时工资和计件工资。
采用电算化替代手工记账之前,根据规定计算机与手工并行()。
AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear,Ibeganto【M1】_______lookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater,Istillhadn’t【M2】_______
通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式承包荒地等农村土地,依照有关规定,其土地承包经营权的流转方式包括
世界上第一个智力量表是_____________。
ぎゅうにゅうがくさると______なります。
Accordingtopsychologists,acompulsivespenderwantstospendalotofmoneybecause:
最新回复
(
0
)