首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in
(1)Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in
admin
2018-09-19
57
问题
(1)Researchers who picked up and analyzed wild chimp droppings said on Thursday they had shown how the AIDS virus originated in wild apes in Cameroon and then spread in humans across Africa and eventually the world. Their study, published in the journal Science, supports other studies that suggest people somehow caught the deadly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)from chimpanzees, perhaps by killing and eating them.
(2)"It says that the chimpanzee group that gave rise to HIV... this chimp community resides in Cameroon," said Beatrice Hahn of the University of Alabama, who led the study. "But that doesn’t mean the epidemic originated there because it didn’t," Hahn, who has been studying the genetic origin of HIV for years, said in a telephone interview.
(3)"We actually know where the epidemic took off. The epidemic took off in Kinshasa, in Brazzaville." Kinshasa is in the Democratic Republic Congo, formerly Zaire, and faces Brazzaville, in Congo, across the Congo River. Studies have traced HIV to a man who gave a blood sample in 1959 in Kinshasa, then called Leopoldville. Later analysis found the AIDS virus.
(4)In people, HIV leads to AIDS but chimps have a version called simian immune deficiency virus: (SIV)that causes them no harm. Humans are the only animals naturally susceptible to HIV. AIDS was only identified 25 years ago. The virus now infects 40 million people around the world and has killed 25 million. Spread in blood, sexual contact and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding, HIV has no cure and there is no vaccine, although drug cocktails can control it.
(5)And like so many new infections, AIDS appears to have been passed to humans from animals they slaughtered. SIV has been found in captive chimps but Hahn wanted to show it could be found in the wild too. Her international team got the cooperation of the government in Cameroon and they hired skilled trackers.
(6)"The chimps in that area are hunted. It’s certainly impossible to see them. It is hard to track them and find these materials," she said. But the trackers managed to collect 599 samples of droppings. Hahn’s lab found DNA, identified each individual chimp and then found evidence of the virus.
(7)"We went to 10 field sites and we found evidence of infection in five. We were able to identify a total of 16 infected chimps and we were able to get viral sequences from all of them," Hahn said. Up to 35 percent of the apes in some communities were infected. Not only that, they could find different varieties, called clades, of the virus.
(8)"We found some of the clades were really, really very closely related to the human virus and others were not," she said. Chimps separated by a river were infected with different clades, Hahn said. And a river may have carried the virus into the human population. "So how do you get from southern Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo?" Hahn asked. "Some human must have done so. There is a river that goes from that southeastern corner of Cameroon down to the Congo River."
(9)Ivory and hardwood traders used the Sangha River in the 1930s, when the original human-to-human transmission is believed to have happened. Hahn’s study suggests the virus passed from chimpanzees to people more than once. "We don’t really know how these transmissions occurred," Hahn said.
(10)"We know that you don’t get it petting a chimp, or from a toilet seat, just like you can’t get HIV from a toilet seat. It requires exposure to infected blood and infected body fluids. So if you get bitten by an angry chimp while you are hunting it, which could do it."
(11)Hahn’s study only applies the HIV group M, which is the main strain of the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic. "It’s quite possible that still other (chimpanzee SIV)lineages exist that could pose risks for human infection and prove problematic for HIV diagnostic and vaccines," her team wrote.
According to the passage, HIV is spread through all the following EXCEPT _____.
选项
A、blood
B、sexual contact
C、breastfeeding
D、a toilet seat
答案
D
解析
从第4段最后一句看出,HIV可通过血液、性接触、母婴、哺乳等方式传播,很明显D项不包括在内,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gQEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Whomcanyoutrustthesedays?ItisaquestionposedbyDavidHalpernofCambridgeUniversity,andtheresearchersattheDow
Womenweremorelikelythanmentoreporthavingunderstandingsaboutsaferbehavior,suchasagreeingnottogetdrunk(23per
Foryears,nonprofithospitalshaveshiedawayfromquantifyingtheamountofcharitablecaretheyprovidecommunities.Hospit
改革开放胆子要大一些,要敢于试验。冒一定的风险是必要的。不冒点风险,办什么事情都有百分之百的把握,万无一失,谁敢说这样的话?一开始就自以为是,认为百分之百正确,没那回事。我就从来没那么认为。每年领导层都要总结经验,对的就坚持,不对的就丢掉或赶快改,新问题出
Theinterloperwhoseizedourtelephonelinecontinuedtohitusagainandagainforthenextsixmonths.Thephonecompanysee
Theinterloperwhoseizedourtelephonelinecontinuedtohitusagainandagainforthenextsixmonths.Thephonecompanysee
Everyyeartelevisionstationsreceivehundredsofcomplaintsabouttheloudnessofadvertisements.However,federalrulesforb
A、Theyareratherdifficulttoplease.B、Theyarerudetowomendrivers.C、Theyaretalkativeandgenerouswithtips.D、Theyare
A、Theroadside.B、Themainroad.C、Thesidestreet.D、Thepedestriancrossing.B警察让Mr.Simpson自己描述事情经过时,Mr.Simpson说当时自己正行驶在主干道上,
随机试题
汪文宣是哪部作品中的人物?()
内环境包括()。
最有助于确诊肥厚型心肌病的检查是
背景某新建民航机场计划投资8000万元,其初步设计已经完成,建设用地和筹资也已落实。分别由五家施工单位通过竞标取得了承包任务。该机场建设工程中,哪些工程属于民航专业工程?
在个人抵押授信贷款贷前调查中,需要对()进行评估和调查。
老孙是农村五保供养对象,守着自己的老房子,平时种菜、喂鸡,感觉生活很安逸。县里推行农村五保集中供养后,镇人民政府工作人员动员老孙入住敬老院集中供养。根据《农村五保供养工作条例》,下列关于老孙供养形式的说法,正确的是()。
按支出法进行核算,2011年我国GDP是465731.3亿元,其中消费率是49.07%。投资率是48.31%。最终消费支出包括居民消费支出和政府消费支出,居民消费支出是164945.2亿元.约占最终消费的72.17%,其中农村居民消费支出占22.67%;资
心理测验在实际生活中有哪些用途?结合自己的实际情况,谈谈心理测验对你或将来可能对你有何用处。
以金融机构为媒介的信用是()。
马克思指出:“在一切社会形式中都有一种一定的生产决定其他一切生产的地位和影响,因而它的关系也决定其他一切关系的地位和影响。这是一种普照的光,它掩盖了一切其他色彩,改变着它们的特点。”这一观点主要说明
最新回复
(
0
)