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  3. Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment u

Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment u

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问题     Visual impairment(视觉障碍)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation(定方位)and mobility(移动)skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.
    Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surrounding and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships, object by object, in an organized approach. With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map, a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in space.
    Mobility, on the other hand, is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians(f?A)they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.
    To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts, such as inside or outside, in front of or behind, fast or slow movement of traffic, the variety or intersections, elevators or escalators, and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe, efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings, first within buildings, then in residential neighborhoods, and finally in business communities.
The visually impaired person’s position in space______.
选项 A、is not determined by memory but by physical landmarks and clues
B、is located in relation to other items in his mental map
C、enables him to construct the mental map
D、reinforces the mental map of his surroundings
答案B
解析 文章第二段指出：“With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map，a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues．Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in space．”可见，有视觉障碍者在空间的位置由地标和其他线索来决定。B项符合文章的意思。A项的内容与原文不符，文中提到的是“必须依靠记忆来记住关键的地标和其他线索”。C、D两项的内容都与原文不符。所以本题的正确答案为B。
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