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A high-profile push by business groups to double the number of U. S. bachelor’s degrees awarded in science, math and engineering

admin2015-04-10  77
问题     A high-profile push by business groups to double the number of U. S. bachelor’s degrees awarded in science, math and engineering by 2015 is falling way behind target, a new report says. In 2005, 15 prominent business groups warned that a lack of expert workers and teachers posed a threat to U. S. competitiveness, and said the country would need 400,000 new graduates in the so-called STEM(science, technology, engineering and math)fields by 2015.
    In an update to be published Tuesday, the group reports the number of degrees in those fields rose slightly earlier in the decade, citing figures from the years after 2001 that have become available since the first report was published. But the number of degrees has since flattened out at around 225,000 per year.
    The coalition, representing groups such as the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Defense Industrial Association, said there has been substantial bipartisan support in Washington for boosting science training, including passage last year of the America Competes Act, which promotes math and science.
    But Susan Traiman, director of education and work force policy for the Business Roundtable, an organization of corporate CEOs, said there’s been insufficient follow-through with funding to support the programs. Other countries, she said, are doing more to shift incentives toward science training. "The concern that CEOs have is if we wait for a Sputniklike event, it’s very hard to turn around and get moving on the kind of timeline we would need," said Traiman, referring to the Soviet Union’s launch of the first artificial satellite in 1957, which prompted a massive U. S. commitment to science investment.
    The report by the group Tapping America’s Potential, which has grown to represent 16 business groups, also argues that the failure of Congress to pass comprehensive immigration reform has hurt U. S. competitiveness by making it difficult to retain high-skilled workers who study at American universities. While there appears to be, if anything, a surplus in the job market of scientists with doctoral degrees, the case for boosting bachelor’s degrees is stronger—particularly for people who go into teaching, where teachers who have college level subject training are generally more effective. Last week, The National Research Council—a group that provides policy advice under a Congressional charter—issued a report calling for more support for professional master’s degrees programs. The idea would be to provide advanced training to more people in fields like chemistry and biology, which require less time and money than doctoral degrees.
We may infer from the passage that
选项 A、the two parties in the U. S. disagree with each other on boosting science training.
B、the general immigration reform is designed to attract people with high degrees.
C、graduates with lower degrees are less needed than graduates with doctoral degrees.
D、job hunters with doctoral degrees exceed demands in the market.
答案D
解析 从文中我们可以推断出，[A]美国两党在促进科学培训这个问题上产生了分歧。[B]移民政策改革是为了吸引高学历的人。[C]低学历毕业生的需求量少于博士生。[D]博士求职者的数量超过了市场上的需求。[B]“移民政策改革是为了吸引高学历的人”是错误的表述；从第三段第一句的bipartisan su：pport可看出[A]错误；从第五段第二句“比起博士生，国家需要更多的具有稍低学历的毕业生”可知[C]错误；[D]“博士求职者的数量超过了市场上的需求”可以从第五段第二句中的a surplus…doctoral degrees看出，故选[D]。
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