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  3. The struggle against malnutrition (营养不良) and hunger is as old as man himself, and never across the face of our planet has the ou

The struggle against malnutrition (营养不良) and hunger is as old as man himself, and never across the face of our planet has the ou

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问题     The struggle against malnutrition (营养不良) and hunger is as old as man himself, and never across the face of our planet has the outcome been more in doubt. Malnutrition tortures an estimated 400 million to 1.5 billion of the world’s poor. Even in the rich U.S., poverty means malnutrition for an estimated ten to twenty million. Hardest hit are children, whose growing bodies demand two and a half times more protein, than those of adults. Nutrition experts estimate that 70 percent of the children in low-income countries are affected.
    Badly-shaped bodies tell the sad story of malnutrition. Medical science identifies two major types of malnutrition which usually occur in combination. The first, kwashiorkor, is typified by the bloated (肿胀的) look, the opposite of what we associate with starvation. Accumulated fluids pushing against wasted muscles account for the plumpness (丰满) of hands, feet, belly and face. Caused by an acute lack of protein, kwashiorkor can bring brain damage, irritability, loss of appetite and so on.
    On the other hand, stick limbs, a bloated belly, wide eyes, and the stretched-skin face of an old person mark victims of marasmus, a word taken from the Greek "to waste away". Lacking calcium (钙) as well as protein, sufferers may weigh only half as much as normal. With fat gone, the skin hangs or draws tight over bones. Children, whose growing bodies require large amounts of protein, suffer in greatest numbers, but perhaps only three percent of all child victims suffer the extreme stages described.
    Scientists are working hard to develop new weapons against malnutrition and starvation. But two thirds of the human population of 3.9 billion live in the poorest countries which also have the highest birth rates. Thus, of the 74 million people added to the population each year, four out of five will be born in a have-not country—a country unable to supply its people’s nutritional needs.
Both of the two major types of malnutrition______.
选项 A、are caused by lack of protein and calcium
B、seldom happen to sufferers at the same time
C、can cause malformation to sufferers’ bodies
D、may damage sufferers’ brain and their mood
答案C
解析 推理判断题。第2段首句概括了两种营养不良病症的共同特点，然后在第2段和第3段分别说明了两个病症各自的特点。选项C中的malformation与首句的badly-shaped body是同义替换，因此C为正确选项。选项A不正确。因为文中虽指出两种病症均由缺乏protein引起，并未说明它们都由缺乏calcium引起。选项B与第2段第2句的陈述相反，因此也不正确。选项D是夸希奥科病可能造成的后果。
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