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  3. A Cross-cultural Phenomenon There appears to be a great variation as to the treatment that older adults receive, ranging fr

A Cross-cultural Phenomenon There appears to be a great variation as to the treatment that older adults receive, ranging fr

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问题                                    A Cross-cultural Phenomenon
     There appears to be a great variation as to the treatment that older adults receive, ranging from extreme reverence and respect to abandonment and deprivation with a broad range of studies dealing with perceptions of old agc. Most investigators report findings which support the view that attitudes toward the elderly were most favorable in primitive societies and decrease with increasing modernization to the point of generally negative view in industrialized Western nations. In other words, the more "civilized" the society is, the more likely they are to be ageist and maintain negative attitudes about the aged. Some examples may be helpful.
     Men in the Middle East view old age as life’s summit. Older men are viewed as having attained high status and prestige. In fact, the word "sheik" originally meant "old man".  No mention is, however, made of women’s status in old age in the Middle East.
     Women’s status and power does increase in many cultures following menopause. It is stated that the old widow has great power in the Japanese family. Women in many small-scale traditional societies also enjoy an increase in status. Post-menopausal women in these societies usually experience greater sexual freedom, the right to participate in ritual, the right to participate in the political realm of the society, and a decrease in the amount of work required in the home. With regard to work, the older woman is expected to be leisured.
     The cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards the aged may in part be due to different societal perspectives. Three of the factors hypothesized to contribute to the development of ageism are of relevance here. First, death is not viewed in Western society as a natural part of the life cycle. Those societies, which view life and death as a continuous process, exhibit fewer ageist attitudes. For example, fewer ageist attitudes are exhibited in Japan and the Middle East.  Second, older individuals are viewed as productive in many small-scale traditional societies. In fact, they are often the power brokers within those societies. This can be compared with Western society where older adults are thought of as unproductive and therefore, negatively. Last, not all societies are youth oriented. Therefore, a higher value is placed on the later stages of adulthood.
Which of the following may NOT have anything directly to do with the different attitudes towards ageism?
选项 A、Cultural difference.
B、Sexual freedom.
C、Indutrialisation.
D、Different ideology.
答案B
解析 根据问题，应该说文章认为对老年问题的不同态度主要是文化的差异、工业化和不同的思想观念；而性自由并不是直接导致不同态度的原因，相反却是不同态度所造成的结果。
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