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  3. The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment

The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment

admin2021-08-12  30
问题     The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.
    For all the fuss made about top speeds, cornering ability and acceleration, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams. This seems to be one of the few areas where the benefit of sharing personal information comes straight back to the sharer: because these apps know where almost all the users are, and how fast they are moving almost all the time, they can spot traffic congestion (堵塞) very quickly and suggest ways round it.
    The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget. Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them. When a lucky few have access to the knowledge, they will benefit greatly. But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.
    This new congestion teaches us two things. The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope; they will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences. Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised. The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go. The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before, but one in which almost everyone does rather worse. Central control and collective organisation can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.
    Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. Last week, one operated by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona. This was the first recorded death involving a car which was supposed to be fully autonomous. Experts have said that it suggests a "catastrophic failure" of technology.
    Increasingly, even Silicon Valley has to acknowledge the costs of the intoxicating (令人陶醉的) hurry that characterises its culture. What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us, and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
What does the author say about car advertisements?
选项 A、They portray drivers who enjoy speed on the road.
B、They present a false picture of the autonomy cars provide.
C、They pursue individuality and originality in design concept.
D、They overestimate the potential market of autonomous cars.
答案B
解析 由题干中的car advertisements定位至第一段第三句。事实细节题。作者在第一段第三句指出，超脱现实的广告展示了被宣传为象征个性和自由的大批量生产的汽车，这几乎是一件令人愉快的事，但人们大多数驾驶时间都将耗在拥堵的短途旅程上。这句话揭示了汽车广告的不切实际，即它们错误地呈现了汽车带给人们的自主性，故答案为B)。第一段第三句只提到人们经常会在拥堵的道路上行进，并未提到司机喜欢在路上飞速行驶，故排除A)；C)项中的individuality and originality是根据定位句中of individuality and of freedom设置的干扰，原文指的是汽车被宣传为象征着个性和自由，并未提到汽车广告在设计理念上追求个性和原创性，故排除C)；D)项中的market是根据定位句中的marketed设置的干扰，原文指的是汽车被宣传为象征着个性和自由，并未提到自动驾驶汽车的市场问题，故排除D)。
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