首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Why Minority Students Don’t Graduate from College [A]Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bow
Why Minority Students Don’t Graduate from College [A]Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bow
admin
2018-04-07
26
问题
Why Minority Students Don’t Graduate from College
[A]Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin’s efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the school has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students(blacks, Latinos(拉丁美洲人), and Native Americans, about 30 percent of the U.S population)in entering freshman classes from 8 percent to 13 percent. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While nine out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only seven out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes.
[B]The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25-to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55-to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and nonwhite students are eager to graduate from college—but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college-graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.
[C]The problem is noticeable at public universities. In 2007, the University of Wisconsin-Madison—one of the top five or so "public Ivies"—graduated 81 percent of its white students within six years, but only 56 percent of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally—but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15 percent of African-Americans did so as well.
[D]Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. "Higher education has been able to get around this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it’s their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action—students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at top schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into better, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill—knowing full well that the students won’t make it. "Colleges know that a lot of kids they take will end up in remedial classes, for which they’ll get no college credit and then they’ll be dismissed," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust. "The school gets to keep the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end."
[E]A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. University administrators insist that most of those hikes are matched by increased scholarship grants or loans, but the recession has decreased private endowments(捐助)and cut into state spending on higher education. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university equaled 28 percent of median family income, while a four-year private university cost 76 percent of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on scores, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they end up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.
[F]There once was a time when universities took an unreasonable pride in their drop-out rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the faster pace of a university classroom, and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified.
[G]State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them a head start on college-level courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and nonwhite students as early as the seventh grade, using new tools like hip-hop competitions to identify kids with sophisticated verbal(语言的)means. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.
[H]With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Virginia. Its student body is less than 5 percent black and less than 2 percent Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90 percent of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63 percent by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring(师徒制)of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.
Before the minorities enter university, some private colleges arrange them to take part in college-level courses.
选项
答案
G
解析
根据题目中的private colleges,college-level courses定位到G段第2句。该句提到,诸如普林斯顿大学和麻省理工学院等私立学校在开学前将少数族裔学生带入校园,让其先学习预科课程。题目中的Before the minorities enter university是对原文该句before freshman year的同义改写,故本题出自G段。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gda7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Millionsofteenagersareindangerofputtingtheirhealthatriskbygettinghookedone-cigarettes,expertswarn.Leadinghea
Millionsofteenagersareindangerofputtingtheirhealthatriskbygettinghookedone-cigarettes,expertswarn.Leadinghea
Foryears,highschoolstudentshavereceivedidenticaltextbooksastheirclassmates.Evenasstudentshavedifferentlearning
A、Theeconomicsituationisglooming.B、Therearelessnewgraduateseveryyear.C、Theworkershavelessexperience.D、Theemplo
Workerswithskillsinscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)areamongthemostindemandandhighestpaid.The
Workerswithskillsinscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM)areamongthemostindemandandhighestpaid.The
InonlytwodecadesAsianAmericanshavebecomethefastest-growingU.S.minority.Astheirchildrenbeganmovingupthroughthe
InonlytwodecadesAsianAmericanshavebecomethefastest-growingU.S.minority.Astheirchildrenbeganmovingupthroughthe
Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthe
随机试题
男性,45岁。6周前行走时摔倒,造成右腕部肿胀,活动障碍,拍X线片证实为右腕Colles骨折,予以整复后石膏外固定,6周拆除石膏后发现右手腕及各手指屈伸均明显受阻,其主要原因是
组织的外部环境通常包括()
Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe______himself.
患者男性,48岁,反复发作性喘憋8年,加重1周,夜间不能平卧。人院后查体:双肺散在哮鸣音,呼吸30次/min。既往有甲亢病史。人院后给予氨茶碱和沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵)等治疗对该患者糖皮质激素的使用,下列哪项正确
结核杆菌主要的传播途径是
A.呼吸道感染B.心力衰竭C.心律不齐D.亚急性感染性心内膜炎E.栓塞
计算机替代手工记账是单位能否成功实施会计电算化的起点。()
下列税种中,由地方政府决定是否开征的是()。
《喷笔画画》在《普通高中美术课程标准(实验)》中属于()模块。
关于批评有一种概念,这种概念的批评表现得像是地方行政官和法官,正像另一种概念的批评表现得像是一个学究气十足的教师和暴君一样:这种概念认为批评的责任不是促进和指导艺术的生活——如果你愿意,可以说,艺术的生活只受到历史的促进和指导,即促进和指导艺术生活的是历史
最新回复
(
0
)