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  3. A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popul

A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popul

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问题     A number of ethical questions cluster around both ends of the human life span. Whether abortion is morally justifiable has popularly been seen as depending on our answer to the question " When does a human life begin?" Many philosophers believe this to be the wrong question to ask because it suggests that there might be a factual answer that we can somehow discover through advances in science.【F1】Instead, these philosophers think we need to ask what it is that makes killing a human being wrong and then consider whether these characteristics, whatever they might be, apply to the fetus in an abortion. There is no generally agreed upon answer, yet some philosophers have presented surprisingly strong arguments to the effect that not only the fetus but even the newborn infant has the right to life.
    Such views have been hotly contested, especially by those who claim that all human life, irrespective of its characteristics, must be regarded as sacrosanct. The task for those who defend the sanctity of human life is to explain why human life, no matter what its characteristics, is specially worthy of protection.【F2】Explanation could no doubt be provided in terms of such traditional Christian doctrines as that all humans are made in the image of God or that all humans have an immortal soul. In the current debate , however, the opponents of abortion have eschewed religious arguments of this kind without finding a convincing secular alternative.
    Somewhat similar issues are raised by euthanasia when it is nonvoluntary, as for example, in the case of severely disabled newborn babies.【F3】Euthanasia, however, can be voluntary, and this has brought it support from some who hold that the state should not interfere with the free, informed choices of its citizens in matters that do not cause others harm.【F4】Opposition to voluntary euthanasia has centered on practical matters such as the difficulty of adequate safeguards and on the argument that it would lead to a "slippery slope" that would take us to nonvoluntary euthanasia and eventually to the compulsory involuntary killing of those the state considers to be socially undesirable.
     【F5】Philosophers have also canvassed the moral significance of the distinction between killing and allowing to die, which is reflected in the fact that many physicians will allow a patient with an incurable condition to die when life could still be prolonged, but they will not take active steps to end the patient’s life.
【F4】
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答案反对实行安乐死的人关注一些实际问题，比如采取安全措施时可能会碰到的困难。同时他们关注一种论断，即实行安乐死可能会导致一种趋势，这种趋势可能会引发非自愿的安乐死，并最终导致杀死那些国家认为对社会无益的人。
解析 复合句。主句是：Opposition to voluntary euthanasia has entered on practical matters．第一个that从句解释说明argument，其中又嵌套that从句修饰a“slippery slope”。the state considersto be socially undesirable修饰those。翻译该句时需注意宾语的翻译，因其后跟了一系列的宾语补足语、同位语以及定语从句，在整合的时候容易混乱。因此，可以借助拆分再组合的方法，先将主句翻译出来，再将其余成分或者从句翻译出来，同位语在翻译的时候可以用解释性的句子。
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