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The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt ann

admin2016-01-05  53
问题     The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
    "Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal," writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’ s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
    Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the ’ statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’ s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."
    Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily an advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."
    John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is "a most welcome step forward" and "long overdue." "Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review," he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.
    Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, "engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process". Vaux says that Science’ s idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ’the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place."
Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may
选项 A、pose a threat to all its peers.
B、meet with strong opposition.
C、increase Science’ s circulation.
D、set an example for other journals.
答案D
解析 细节题。根据关键词Giovanni Parmigiani定位到第四段。根据该段末句“这不仅会通过《科学》本身的出版物来影响，也希望通过更多的可能想要模仿《科学》做法的出版机构来影响”可知，D项中的set an example是该句中model their approach的同义替换，故D项“为其他杂志树立模范”为正确答案。A项“对它所有的同行构成一种威胁”和B项“面临强烈的反对”与文章意思相反，C项“增加《科学》的发行量”原文没有提及，故排除。
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