首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region) Problem Short growing season
Engineering for sustainable development The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region) Problem Short growing season
admin
2022-03-30
93
问题
Engineering for sustainable development
The Greenhouse Project (Himalayan mountain region)
Problem
Short growing season because of high altitude and low【L31】________
Fresh vegetables imported by lorry or by【L32】________ , so are expensive
Need to use sunlight to prevent local plants from【L33】________
Previous programmes to provide greenhouses were【L34】________
New greenhouse
Meets criteria for sustainability
Simple and【L35】________ to build
Made mainly from local materials (mud or stone for the walls, wood and【L36】________ for the roof)
Building and maintenance done by local craftsmen
Relies solely on【L37】________energy
Only families who have a suitable【L38】________can own one
Design
Long side faces south
Strong polythene cover
Inner【L39】________ are painted black or white
Social benefits
Owners’ status is improved
Rural【L40】________ have greater opportunities
More children are educated
【L34】
Good afternoon. This is the first of a series of lectures I’ll be giving about engineering for sustainable development. I’ll be presenting examples of engineering projects from a variety of contexts, and today I’m going to talk about a project to design a new kind of greenhouse for use in the Himalayan mountain regions.
First of all, I’ll tell you about the problem which was the context for this project. In the Himalayan mountains, fresh vegetables and other crops can only be grown outside for about ninety days, during the summer, because the altitude of the region is around 3500 metres, and
because the rainfall is so low.
In winter, temperatures fall below minus 25 degrees Celsius, so fresh vegetables have to be imported. They arrive by truck in summer or
by air in winter,
which makes them expensive. Local people rely on dried leafy vegetables and stored root crops during the winter, and rarely eat fresh vegetables.
But despite the sub-zero temperatures, the skies over the region are cloudless, and there are over three hundred sunny days per year. So an engineering solution was needed, to exploit the sun’s energy and
protect locally produced plants from freezing during winter.
And in fact,
there has been programmes in the past to provide greenhouses, but these were unsuccessful.
The greenhouses weren’t adapted for local conditions, so they tended to fall into disuse.
So, a few years ago, a project was initiated to design a better greenhouse, one which would meet the criteria for sustainability.
So, what are the criteria for sustainability? Well, first of all, the new greenhouse is designed to be relatively simple,
so construction is cheap.
Locally available materials are used wherever possible. The walls are generally constructed of mud bricks, made locally, although in areas of high snow-fall more resilient walls of stone are needed. Rammed earth is also used. The main roof is generally made from locally available poplar wood,
with water-resistant local grass for the covering.
In addition, the construction and maintenance of the greenhouse are done by local craftsmen. So local stone masons are employed to build the greenhouse walls, and specialised training is provided for them wherever necessary.
Then...
the greenhouse is designed to run on solar power alone,
there’s no supplementary heating. And lastly, families are selected to own one of the new greenhouses with great care.
They have to have a site which is suitable for constructing it on.
They also have to be keen to make a success of using it, and also to share the produce with the wider community through sale or barter. Potential owners are taken to see existing greenhouses before they make a final decision about having one.
So, those are the features which make the project sustainable. And now I’ll briefly describe the design of the greenhouse. The greenhouses are orientated very carefully along an East-West axis so that there’s a long south-facing side. The transparent cover on the south-facing side is made from a heavy-duty polythene, which should last for at least five years.
On the inside of the greenhouse, the walls are painted
— the rear and west-facing walls are black, to improve heat absorption, but the east-facing wall is white to reflect the morning sunlight onto the crops inside. Finally, there’s a door in the wall at one end, and vents are incorporated into the roof, the door and the wall at the other end, to enable control of humidity and prevent overheating.
I’ll turn now to the benefits which have resulted from the introduction of these new greenhouses. These benefits are of various kinds, but for now I’ll just mention the social benefits.
First of all, people who own a greenhouse gain social standing in their communities, because they provide vegetables for the wider community, for regular consumption as well as for festivals, and they also earn income. Secondly,
because in rural areas it is women who usually grow the food, the greenhouses have increased their opportunities.
They bring the benefits of improved nutrition, and increased family income, from the sale of surplus produce. And thirdly, as a result of their improved financial position, some families can now afford to educate their children for the first time.
选项
答案
unsuccessful
解析
本题询问之前的项目结果怎么样了。录音原文中的programmes in the past是题目Previous programmes的同义替换,故空格处填入unsuccessful。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gu8O777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions31-35)andthemethodsintheboxbelow.Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectpa
Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions31-35)andthemethodsintheboxbelow.Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectpa
Questions27-30ForeachquestiononlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxony
Questions27-30ForeachquestiononlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxony
Questions27-30ForeachquestiononlyONEofthechoicesiscorrect.Writethecorrespondingletterintheappropriateboxony
TheDevelopmentoftheModernHotAirBalloonThemodernhotairballoonisconstructedbysuspendingawickerbasketundern
TheDevelopmentoftheModernHotAirBalloonThemodernhotairballoonisconstructedbysuspendingawickerbasketundern
Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthetextforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes10-
PAPERRECYCLINGAPaperisdifferentfromotherwasteproducebecauseitcomesfromasustainableresource:trees.Unlikethemi
随机试题
光、电缆的充气端气压,当临时充气时不得超过______kPa,自动充气时不得超过______kPa。
A.糖蛋白B.线粒体C.葡萄糖D.果糖成熟红细胞没有
A.儿童复发性腮腺炎B.舍格伦综合征C.阻塞性腮腺炎D.结核E.腺淋巴瘤符合下列腮腺造影表现的病变是主导管扩张呈腊肠状,分支导管扩张
龋均是指受检人群中平均每人()
患者,女,20岁。结喉两侧弥漫性肿大,边界不清。皮色如常,无疼痛,诊为气瘿。治疗应首选()
不作为犯罪中行为人的罪过形式是:()
李某因受贿罪被第一审人民法院判处有期徒刑3年,被告人提起上诉,第二审人民法院改判有期徒刑2年。随后,人民检察院按照审判监督程序提起抗诉,按照法律规定,下列哪种表述是错误的?()
在项目周期中,项目融资问题主要贯穿于()两个过程中。
对于经济法主体的行为,从行为对象角度作出分类的是()。
Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetw
最新回复
(
0
)