首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Science is an enterprise concerned with gaining information about causality, or the relationship between cause and effect. A sim
Science is an enterprise concerned with gaining information about causality, or the relationship between cause and effect. A sim
admin
2016-09-24
79
问题
Science is an enterprise concerned with gaining information about causality, or the relationship between cause and effect. A simple example of a cause is the movement of a paddle as it strikes a ping-pong ball; the effect is the movement of the ball through the air. In psychology and other sciences, the word "cause" is often replaced by the term "independent variable". This term implies that the experimenter is often "free" to vary the independent variable as he or she desires(for example, the experimenter can control the speed of the paddle as it strikes the ball). The term "dependent variable" replaces the word "effect", and this term is used because the effect depends on some characteristic of the independent variable(the flight of the ball depends on the speed of the paddle). The conventions of science demand that both the independent and dependent variables be observable events, as is the case in the ping-pong example. In the case of biorhythm theory, the independent variable is the number of days that have elapsed between a person’s date of birth and some test day. The dependent variable is the person’s level of performance on some specified task on the test day. Notice that although the experimenter is not free to choose a birthday for a given individual, persons with different dates of birth can be tested on the same day, or a single subject can be tested on several different days.
In order to predict the relationship between independent and dependent variables, many scientific theories make use of what are called intervening variables. Intervening variables are purely theoretical concepts that cannot be observed directly. To predict the flight of a ping-pong ball, Newtonian physics relies on a number of intervening variables; including force, mass, air resistance, and gravity. You can probably anticipate that the intervening variables of biorhythm theory are the three bodily cycles with their specified time periods. It should be emphasized that not all psychological theories include intervening variables, and some psychologists object to their use precisely because they are not directly observable.
The final major component of a scientific theory is its syntax, or the rules and definitions that state how the independent and dependent variables are to be measured, and that specify the relationships among independent variables, intervening variables, and dependent variables. It is the syntax of biorhythm theory that describes how to use a person’s birthday to calculate the current status of the three cycles. The syntax also relates the cycles to the dependent variable, performance, by stating that positive cycles should cause high levels of performance whereas low or critical cycles should cause low performance levels. To summarize, the components of a scientific theory can be divided into four major categories: independent variables, dependent variables, intervening variables, and syntax.
The example of the ping-pong ball is used to______.
选项
A、indicate a hard nut to crack in physics
B、predict variables in a person’s performance
C、prove a common feature most theories have
D、show the negligibility of intervening variables
答案
C
解析
乒乓球的例子用来证明大多数理论具有的一种常见的特征。第一段说,科学的常规要求自变量和因变数是可观察到的结果,乒乓球运动中,情况就是这样。由于乒乓球运动中,可以观察到自变量和因变数,所以作者以乒乓球为例。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gxGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousas
Cosmopolitanismisconcernedtodisclosetheethical,cultural,andlegalbasisofpoliticalorderinaworldwherepoliticalco
Cosmopolitanismisconcernedtodisclosetheethical,cultural,andlegalbasisofpoliticalorderinaworldwherepoliticalco
Cosmopolitanismisconcernedtodisclosetheethical,cultural,andlegalbasisofpoliticalorderinaworldwherepoliticalco
Asforloveofchildren,thisloveis______expressedthroughsupplyingmaterialcomforts,amusements,andeducationalopportunit
Culturalnormssocompletelysurroundpeople,sopermeatethoughtandaction,thatweneverrecognizetheassumptionsonwhicht
Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergyresources
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"ice-box"hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffect
Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm"ice-box"hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffect
随机试题
抗日民主政权中,______是政府的法定监督机构。()
加强党的建设,居于首位的是加强
磺脲类降糖药物的主要作用机制是
使用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白时,不能被转化成氰化高铁血红蛋白的是
咳嗽带有鸡鸣样吼声常见的疾病是
在FIDIC施工合同中,承包商应在( )内,按工程师的要求提交施工进度计划。
实行财政直接支付方式的事业单位,应于收到“财政直接支付入账通知书”时,一方面增加零余额账户用款额度,另一方面确认财政补助收入。()
古诺一生创作的12部歌剧,其中最优秀的是_________和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。
2016年,我国邮政行业业务总量完成7397.2亿元,同比增长45.7%。全年邮政行业业务收入(不包括邮政储蓄银行直接营业收入)完成5379.2亿元,同比增长33.2%。快递业务实现快速增长,全年快递服务企业业务量完成312.8亿件.同比增长51.4%:
()以上地方各级公务员主管部门负责本辖区内公务员的综合管理工作。
最新回复
(
0
)