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  3. Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packe

Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packe

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问题     Knowing that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packet harms self-esteem.  The lesser-known one is called the " tunnel effect" : high incomes for peers are seen as improving your own chances of similar riches, especially if growth, inequality and mobility are high.
    A paper authored by Tom Dorson of the University of St Andrews separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany.  Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on people’s satisfaction in individual firms. But Mr. Dorson’s team hypothesized that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect.
    The data confirm this hypothesis. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45.  It is only those people over 45, when careers have "reached a stable position" , whose happiness is harmed by the success of others.
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答案 我们知道，薪水比同事少会对人们的幸福感产生两种效应。为人所熟悉的是负面效应，即薪水越少，越有损自尊。另一个是人们不太熟悉的“隧道效应”，即同事的高薪提升了人们对于自己加薪几率的期待，尤其是当公司处于快速成长期、工资差异大和员工升迁可能性高的环境时。 在圣安德鲁斯大学的汤姆?道森发表的一文中，根据在德国的家庭调查所得的数据，他区分了这两种效应。前人研究表明，在人们对其所在公司的满意度上，同事的收入会对这产生较小的甚至正面的整体影响。但是，道森先生的研究小组推测，对于那些基本已经知道其终生收入的老员工来说，隧道效应要小得多。 调查的数据证实了这一推测。对于45岁以下的员工来说，比同事薪水少所产生的负面效应对之前所说的幸福指数并无明显影响。只有那些45岁以上、事业已达稳定状态的人，其幸福感会因为他人的成功而降低。
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