2. 外语
  3. Variety is the spice of language. The words listed in this book are not intended to replace those that most people use most of t

Variety is the spice of language. The words listed in this book are not intended to replace those that most people use most of t

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问题     Variety is the spice of language. The words listed in this book are not intended to replace those that most people use most of the time. Rather, they are variations on the theme. We tend to use the same old words over and over again, to limit our powers of expression by limiting our vocabulary. There is nothing wrong with the "old words", but why not enhance your speech and writing by learning to use new ones from time to time as alternatives?
    Do you speak of having an accident? Why not use the alternative mishap (灾祸) once in a while? Everyone talks of the usual thing to do or expect. Might not one, to enrich his speech, speak of the customary (惯常的) thing? Or why not occasionally describe a situation as aggravated instead of worsened?
    Don’t throw away the "old words". Vary them with the "new words". English is an especially rich language, and often there are delicate shades of difference between two words that are generally regarded as equivalent or synonymous. Thus, a mishap is not merely an accident; it is an unfortunate accident. (There can be fortunate accidents, like bumping into an old friend you haven’t seen for years and whose address you’ve lost.)
    So, in using mishap instead of accident, you must be sure of the distinction. Again, you’d never say "as customary" rather than "as usual", because the latter phrase has become art of the language. But wouldn’t it sometimes be pleasant and perhaps more interesting to describe a kind act by someone as having been done with his customary rather than his usual thoughtfulness? Other examples: fragrant, for smelling good, or having a nice smell; morsel (少量) , for bit; wayward (任性的) , for disobedient; deft (灵巧的) , for skillful or clever.
    No doubt a good many words in the list will be familiar to you, but do you use them, or do they remain the "property" of others? They are included to introduce variety, and, more often than not, subtle shades of meaning into your speech and writing. Try to make these words your own, as companions or friendly rivals of the ones you have managed with in the past. Let them compete, and make your language all the richer.
    Many words have more than one meaning. In such cases, I have given the meaning or meanings most likely to be used in everyday speech, omitting the rest. As an example, the word docile means not only "easily led" or "manageable", but also "easily taught" or "teachable". (Docile comes from the Latin docilis, whose first meaning is "teachable", and is based on the Latin verb docere, meaning to teach, a form of which, doctus, meaning "taught", gave us our word doctor.) In this book, only the meaning "easy to manage or lead" is given, because the other use "teachable" is very rare in everyday English usage. Or take ghastly (可怕的) , which means "ghostlike" as well as "horrible, dreadful" (as in a ghastly accident or a ghastly mistake). The first meaning is sufficiently rare, for the purposes of this book, to warrant omission.
From the word "docile" (Line 4, Para. 5), we can see that________.
选项 A、some words convey completely opposite meanings
B、Latin makes up the important root for English words
C、its rare meaning is also given in the dictionary
D、some English words derive from Latin
答案D
解析 推断题。根据题干中的docile定位到最后一段第三句后面括号中的内容。由该句可知“docile”这个词来源于拉丁语“docilis”，由此可推断，一些英文单词来源于拉丁文。D项符合文意，故选D。B项虽然也提到拉丁文，但原文并未提及拉丁文是英语词汇的词根中最重要的构成部分，故可排除。A项和C项均不合文意。
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