首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha
admin
2012-07-17
46
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知 学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. "
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward______.
选项
A、the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B、the amount of monetary rewards for student’ creativity
C、the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D、the effects of external rewards on students’ performance
答案
D
解析
本题是个具体细节题。问在关于什么问题的态度上心理学家有分歧。根据文章第一段内容,来自外界的奖励,无论是热情的赞誉或是钞票,对学生的学习积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响,在这个问题上心理学家持有截然相反的观点。因此,本题的正确答案应是D“外界的奖励对学生的学习表现有什么影响”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/h9XO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
Ifthesalesmenarenotgiventangiblebenefitsforahighvolumeofsales,theywilllosetheirmotivation.
CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand______bythesamefederallaws.
Cultureisactivityofthought,andreceptivenesstobeautyandhumanefeeling.【C1】______ofinformationhavenothingtodowith
Cultureisactivityofthought,andreceptivenesstobeautyandhumanefeeling.【C1】______ofinformationhavenothingtodowith
Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreaterjob______inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedSt
AbudgetapprovedbytheEuropeanParliamentfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunitywasdeclaredadoptedTuesdaydespiteopposition
AbudgetapprovedbytheEuropeanParliamentfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunitywasdeclaredadoptedTuesdaydespiteopposition
Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewan
Wemadeplansforavisit,but______difficultieswithcarpreventedit.
Animalsaremorelikeusthanweeverimagined.Theyfeelpain,theyexperiencestress,andtheyshowaffection,excitementand
随机试题
痈与疖的主要鉴别点是
甲国A公司(卖方)与中国B公司采用FOB价格条件订立了一份货物买卖合同,约定货物保质期为交货后一年。B公司投保了平安险。货物在海运途中因天气恶劣部分损毁,另一部分完好交货,但在交货后半年左右出现质量问题。根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》和有关贸易惯例,下
某组混凝土立方体试件抗压强度试验结果分别为48.5MPa、51.0MPa、58.8MPa,则该组混凝土立方体抗压强度测定值为()。
某商贸企业为一般纳税人,2010年5月发生以下业务:1.购买A商品100件,每件不含税单价为1000元,取得增值税发票注明价款100000元,增值税17000元。 2.从某小规模纳税人企业购进B商品50件,取得普通发票总价款为20600元。
签发是指()。
心理咨询师应将(),悬挂于心理咨询服务场所的明显位置。
“学生学会点头敬礼,学会课堂常规”属于加涅学习分类中的_________。
根据上图,下列说法正确的是()2005年粮食产量比2001年增加()
加强道德修养,应借鉴历史上思想家们所提出的积极有效的道德修养方法有()
A、Invitingforeignstudentstodinner.B、Sharingaflatwithforeignstudents.C、Eatinghabitsofforeignstudents.D、Gettingal
最新回复
(
0
)