首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Planning a Writing Lesson I. What is a genre —various in kind —features of genre: layout, formality level, language —variation b
Planning a Writing Lesson I. What is a genre —various in kind —features of genre: layout, formality level, language —variation b
admin
2017-03-20
51
问题
Planning a Writing Lesson
I. What is a genre
—various in kind
—features of genre: layout, formality level, language
—variation between【T1】______【T1】______
II. Stages of a writing lesson
A. Generating ideas
—importance of learners’ own ideas
—e. g. a complaint letter
—thinking about a situation
—comparing ideas in【T2】______【T2】______
—presenting the best ideas to the class
B. Focusing ideas
—【T3】______of relevant ideas【T3】______
—method:
—putting ideas into a(n)【T4】______【T4】______
—writing continuously without worrying about grammar, punctuation or
【T5】______【T5】______
C. Focusing on a model text
—purpose:
—to find appropriate【T6】______【T6】______
—to raise awareness of genres’【T7】______【T7】______
—method: model text examination
—identifying【T8】______and language from examples of a genre【T8】______
—replacing the【T9】______according to the organization of the essay【T9】______
D. Organizing ideas
—【T10】______drafting【T10】______
—ideas grouping
E. Modifying the manuscript
—informing students【T11】______whether to revise or not【T11】______
—focusing more on a(n)【T12】______other than the teacher【T12】______
—incorporating【T13】______comments【T13】______
F. Writing the final draft
—check of【T14】______【T14】______
III. Conclusion
—learners’ own ideas applied within a certain genre
—sense of【T15】______【T15】______
【T14】
Planning a Writing Lesson
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll talk about how to plan a writing lesson. Writing, unlike speaking, is not an ability we acquire naturally, even in our first language. It needs a process of learning and practicing. Unless the second language learners are explicitly taught how to write in the new language, their writing skills are likely to get left behind as their speaking progresses. But teaching writing is not just about grammar, spelling, or the mechanics of the Roman alphabet. Learners also need to be aware of and use the conventions of the genre in the new language.
First of all, we have to make it clear what a genre is. A genre can be anything from a menu to a wedding invitation, from a newspaper article to an estate agent’s description of a house. Pieces of writing of the same genre share some features, in terms of layout, level of formality, and language.(1)However, a genre may vary considerably between cultures, and even adult learners familiar with a range of genre in their first language need to learn to use the conventions of those genre in English.
In general, there are a couple of stages involved in the product of writing in accordance with a specific genre. I don’t necessarily include all these stages in every writing lesson, and the emphasis given to each stage may differ according to the genre of the writing and the time available.
As is often the case, to inspire learners to formulate their ideas is the first stage of a process approach to writing. Even when producing a piece of writing of a highly conventional genre, such as a letter of complaint, using own ideas can make the writing more memorable and meaningful. Before writing a letter of complaint, learners think about a situation when they have complained about faulty goods or bad service or have felt like complaining, and tell a partner. As the first stage of preparing to write an essay, I give learners the essay title and pieces of scrap paper.(2)They have 3 minutes to work alone, writing one idea on each piece of paper, before comparing in groups. Each group can then present their 3 best ideas to the class.
(3)Then, there is another stage taken from a process approach, and it involves thinking about which of the many ideas generated are the most important or relevant, and perhaps taking a particular point of view.(4)As part of the essay-writing process, students in groups put the ideas generated in the previous stage into a mind map. The teacher then draws a mind map on the board, using ideas from the different groups. At this stage he/she can also feed in some useful collocations. This gives the learners the tools to better express their own ideas.(5)I tell my students to write individually for about 10 minutes, without stopping and without worrying about grammar or punctuation. If they don’t know a particular word, they write it in their first language. This often helps learners to further develop some of the ideas used during this stage.
(6)Once the students have got their own ideas, and thought about which are the most important or relevant, I try to give them the tools to express those ideas in the most appropriate way.(7)The examination of model texts is often prominent in product or genre approaches to writing, and will help raise awareness of the conventions of typical texts of different genres in English.(8)I give learners in groups several examples of a genre, and they use a genre analysis form to identify the features and language they have in common. This raises their awareness of the features of the genre and gives them some language ’ chunks’ they can use in their own writing.(9)Learners are given an essay with the topic sentences taken out, and put them back in the right place. This raises their awareness of the organization of the essay and the importance of topic sentences.
Once learners have seen how the ideas are organized in typical examples of the genre, they can go about organizing their own ideas in a similar way.(10)Students in groups draft a plan of their work, including how many paragraphs and the main points of each paragraph. When preparing to write an essay, students group some of the ideas produced earlier into main and supporting statements.
In a pure process approach, the writer goes through several drafts before producing a final version. In practical terms, and as part of a general English course, this is not always possible.
(11)Nevertheless, it may be helpful to let students know beforehand if you are going to ask them to write a second draft.(12)This stage affords learners a chance to become aware of an audience other than the teacher.(13)If students are to write a second draft, I ask other learners to comment on what they liked or didn’t like about the piece of work, or what they found unclear, so that these comments can be incorporated into the second draft.
(14)Finally, when writing a final draft, students should be encouraged to check the details of grammar and spelling, which may have taken a back seat to ideas and organization in the previous stages.
All right, today we’ve illustrated necessary stages learners have to follow before getting started. By going through some or all of these stages, learners use their own ideas to produce a piece of writing that uses the conventions of a genre appropriately and in so doing,(15)they are asked to think about the audience’s expectations of a piece of writing of a particular genre, and the impact of their writing on the reader. In our next lecture, we will get started with a specific genre and talk about how to write an academic paper.
选项
答案
grammar and spelling
解析
本题考查重要细节。根据句(14)可知,在写终稿时,应鼓励学生检查语法和拼写,因为这在之前的组织想法阶段容易被忽视,所以填grammar and spelling。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hDzK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Inourtimeitisbroadlytruethatpoliticalwritingisbadwriting.Whereitisnottrue,itwillgenerallybefoundthatthe
______isthestudyofthespeechsoundsthatoccurinallhumanlanguages.
______,thecapitaloftheNorthernTerritory,istheonlylargecityinnorthernAustralia.
IshouldstartbysayingasclearlyasIcanthatIloveantibiotics.RecentlyIhaddinnerwithapediatricianfriend,andshe
Therelationshipbetween"fruit"and"apple"is
Inthego-goyearsofthelate1990s,noeconomictheoristlookedbetterthanJosephSchumpeter,theAustrianchampionofcapita
AsyousatacrosstheThanksgivingtablebaskinginthewarmthoffamilyandthearomaofchestnutstuffing,mostlikelyyoudid
DrivingalongSouthStreet,wheretheLosAngelessprawlmeetssprawlingOrangeCounty,youenterandleaveCerritosthreetimes
A、Exercisecanbringbetterchanceofdecreasingbreastcancer.B、TheCaliforniaTeacherStudyprovestheeffectofexerciseon
A、Lookingforsomeonethatyoumeltwith.B、Conductinglotsofpreparations.C、Checkingouttheirbackgroundonthewebsites.D、
随机试题
______是中央银行直接控制的变量,也是银行体系的存款扩张、货币供给创造的基础。()
既能祛风湿、通经络,又能降压、解毒的药物是
能够刺激胃黏膜,反射性引起呼吸道分泌,使痰液变稀,易于咳出的药物是
甲杀人案,犯罪手段残忍,影响恶劣,第一审法院为防止被害人家属和旁听群众在法庭上过于激愤而影响顺利审判,决定将其作为特例不公开审理。经审理,第一审法院判处甲死刑立即执行,甲上诉。对于本案,第二审法院下列哪些做法是正确的?()
商业银行贷款,应当遵守法律有关资产负债比例管理的规定,其中商业银行的资本充足率不得低于下列哪个比率?
甲、乙、丙、丁共同投资设立了A有限合伙企业(以下简称“A企业”)。合伙协议约定:甲、乙为普通合伙人,分别出资10万元;丙、丁为有限合伙人,分别出资15万元;甲执行合伙企业事务,对外代表A企业。2006年A企业发生下列事实:2月,甲以A企业的名义与B公司签
下列行为中,不属于代理的有()。
有一种记忆的特点是:信息的保存是形象的,保存得时间短、保存量大,编码是以事物的物理特性直接编码,这种记忆是()。
topracticallyfulltimeworkdependverymuchlessefficientforfreeA.(68)______onvolunteersandpart-timersB.takepartin
ThinkandActorActandThinkThemajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodel
最新回复
(
0
)