首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is be
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is be
admin
2011-01-11
25
问题
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is believing, as the saying goes. In numerous cases, when witnesses pointed to the defendant, his or her fate was sealed. But how reliable is eyewitness testimony? Recent cases have suggested that despite our best intentions, we may unwittingly distort what we perceive.
Artists and psychologists have long known that "seeing" is not a simple matter of recording visual input. People perceive the exterior world through a complex matrix of cultural expectations, personality traits, moods and life experiences. For example, researchers tested the cultural influence on perception by showing a set of optical illusions to various groups, and found that different groups responded in divergent ways. Accustomed to and inundated by perpendicular structures, Western Europeans succumbed easily to illusions based on rectangular lines. On the other hand, the Zulu people of South Africa, whose environment had been comprised almost entirely of circular forms (round houses, doors, etc.) did not fall prey to those linear illusions.
Cultural expectations also influence the selectivity of our seeing. The amount of visual information that exists far exceeds our ability to process it, so we must filter that sensory input into recognizable images. In looking at a face, we do not see elongated ovals set in complex shadows and shading, we see eyes. And that filtering process is informed by what we perceive to be significant, which is influenced by cultural norms. Some cultures may emphasize differences in hair color or texture, others the shape of a nose or mouth, others the set of the eyes.
But it is not only group expectations that color what we see, personality and mood fluctuation can also alter our perceptions. Orderly minds who shun ambiguity will see an off- center image as firmly fixed in the center. The same photograph of four young men allows for shifting interpretations based on our current feeling: a mood of happiness reveals boys enjoying a relaxing day, while anxiety changes the picture to students worrying about exams.
In addition, numerous more prosaic factors affect our ability to record an image accurately. Duration of the encounter, proximity to the subject, lighting, and angle all affect our ability to see, and even stress may further undermine the accuracy of our perceptions.
What will this mean for criminal trials? Juries have often been reluctant to convict without eyewitness identification. Blood samples, fingerprints, and the like do not resonate as deeply with juries as does direct testimony, and frequently require understanding of complex scientific technicalities. But as confidence in eyewitness testimony wanes, such circumstantial evidence may someday replace visual identification as the lynchpin of criminal trials.
The different interpretations to the same photo of four men were based on ______ .
选项
A、the sad mood of the boys
B、the happy mood of the students
C、the anxious feelings of the orderly minds
D、the current feelings of the people involved
答案
D
解析
细节题型见第四段第三句:同样一幅四个年轻人的照片可能会因为我们当时的情绪不同而有不同的解释;因此D为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hFgO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Ratherthanfocusedontheastonishingnumberofcriminalsinvolvedintheincidentandthebroaderissues,Rekerdeterminedwom
InthecontemporaryWesternworld,rapidlychangingstylescatertoadesirefor______andindividualism.
Theword"brick"didnotappearintheEnglishlanguagebeforethe15thcentury.Bricks【C1】______havebeenknowninBritainbe
Theword"brick"didnotappearintheEnglishlanguagebeforethe15thcentury.Bricks【C1】______havebeenknowninBritainbe
Theword"brick"didnotappearintheEnglishlanguagebeforethe15thcentury.Bricks【C1】______havebeenknowninBritainbe
Theword"brick"didnotappearintheEnglishlanguagebeforethe15thcentury.Bricks【C1】______havebeenknowninBritainbe
Thepolicehavegottheevidencetosuehim,whichwasshotwithaminiaturecamera.
Muchofthisinformationcomesfromatrancheofheavilyredacteddocumentsontheinterrogationprogram,whichwaspubliclyrel
Thearchaeologistbelievedthatthecoinsheunearthedwas________evidenceforthenewtheory.
Thesimpleactofsurrenderingatelephonenumbertoastoreclerkmaynotseemharmful—somuchsothatmanyconsumersdoitwi
随机试题
职业倦怠综合征患者,往往选择拒绝与他人分享自己的心灵感受使问题更加恶化。倦怠者“自我封闭”的原因有两个:第一,倾诉本身也等于一种外向型的沟通,需要能量;第二,有时倾诉对于职业倦怠者来说,就是必须再次将自己的不快再度经历一遍,形成二次伤害。这段文字意在强调(
许多肺泡共同的开口处为
升高血钙水平的激素是
患儿,女,6岁。生后即发现心脏杂音(胸骨左缘第三四肋间闻及Ⅲ级以上粗糙、响亮的收缩期杂音)来诊。患者出生后即反复呼吸道、喂养困难、发育迟缓。近期口唇发绀、跑动后气喘加剧,下肢水肿。查体:心前区杂音柔和、短促且强度较低,肺动脉瓣第二心音亢进。为了明确手术
便秘的基本病机是
在参与分配过程中,对分配方案的异议,可能会导致诉讼程序的发生。下列有关参与分配的说法中正确的有:
桩基岩土工程勘察中对碎石土宜采用的原位测试手段为()。
工作的最迟完成时间是指()。
市场机制是怎样在资源配置中发挥基础性作用的?
要将显示日期值时所用的分隔符设置为竖杠“|”,错误的设置命令是()。
最新回复
(
0
)