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  3. The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems sim

The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems sim

admin2012-07-17  44
问题     The concept of "environment" is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa.
    In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer (持有者) of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as "cultural", which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.
As for culture, the author points out that______.
选项 A、it develops side by side with environmental factors
B、it is also affected by environmental factors
C、it is generally accepted to be part of the environment
D、it is product of man’s biological instincts
答案B
解析 本题问关于文化作者指出了什么。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在第二段的后半部分找到相关信息。这部分指出，但是，我们同样又发现我们只能归作“文化”一类的十分重要的环境影响，也能改变物理和生物因素。但是，正如我们所知，一方面人类始终是有文化的；另一方面，人类的文化又因为受气候和地理等环境因素的影响而产生变化。所以，本题的正确答案应是B“人类文化也受到环境因素的影响”。A“文化和环境因素的发展是同步的”；C“人们普遍把文化当做环境的一部分”；D“文化是人类的生物本能的产物”。这三个选项都是错误的。因为A和D作者并未提到。而C的内容与文章最后一句不符。文章最后一句指出，一会儿把文化看做人类的一部分，一会儿又不得不把它当做环境的一部分，我们就会很容易陷入困境而不能自圆其说。这里说明作者并没有同意把文化当做环境的一部分。
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