首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If th
Philosophy of Logical Analysis Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If th
admin
2013-04-25
32
问题
Philosophy of Logical Analysis
Modern physics and physiology throw a new light upon the ancient problem of perception. If there is to be anything that can be called "perception", it must be in some degree an effect of the object perceived, and it must more or less resemble the object if it is to be a source of knowledge of the object. The first requisite can only be fulfilled if there are causal chains which are, to a greater or lesser extent, independent of the rest of the world. According to physics, this is the case.
Modern analytical empiricism differs from that of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume by its incorporation of mathematics and its development of a powerful logical technique. It is thus able, in regard to certain problems, to achieve definite answers, which have the quality of science rather than philosophy.
It has the advantage; as compared with philosophies of system-builders, of being able to tackle its problems one at a time, instead of having to invent at one stroke a block theory of the whole universe.
Its methods, in this respect, resemble those of science.
There remains, however, a vast field, traditionally included in philosophy, where scientific methods are inadequate. This field includes ultimate questions of value; science alone, for example, cannot prove that it is bad to enjoy the infliction cruelty. Whatever can be known, can be known by means of science; but things which are legitimately matters of feeling lie outside its province.
Philosophy, throughout its history, has consisted of two parts inharmoniously blended: on the one hand, a theory as to the nature of the world, on the other hand, an ethical or political doctrine as to the best way of living.
(A)The failure to separate these two with sufficient clarity has been a source of much confused thinking.
(B)Philosophers, from Plato to William James, have allowed their opinions as to the constitution of the universe to be influenced by the desire for
edification
: knowing, as they supposed, what beliefs would make men virtuous, they have invented arguments, often very sophisticated, to prove that these beliefs are true.
(C)Morally, a philosopher who uses his professional competence for anything except a disinterested search for truth is guilty of a kind of treachery. And when he assumes, in advance of inquiry, that certain beliefs, whether true or false, are such as to promote good behavior, he is so limiting the scope of philosophical speculation as to make philosophy trivial; the true philosopher is prepared to examine all preconceptions.
(D)When any limits are placed, consciously or unconsciously, upon the pursuit of truth, philosophy becomes
paralyzed
by fear, and the ground is prepared for a government censorship punishing those who utter "dangerous thoughts" -in fact, the philosopher has already placed such a censorship over his own investigations.
Intellectually, the effect of mistaken moral considerations upon philosophy has been to impede progress to an extraordinary extent. I do not myself believe that philosophy can either prove or disapprove the truth of religious dogmas, but ever since Plato most philosophers have considered it part of their business to produce "proofs" of immortality and the existence of God. They have found fault with the proofs of their predecessors—Saint Thomas rejected Saint Anselm’s proofs, and Kant rejected Descartes’—but they have supplied new ones of their own. In order to make their proofs seem valid, they have had to falsify logic, to make mathematics mystical, and to pretend that deep-seated prejudices were heaven-sent intuitions.
All this is rejected by the philosophers who make logical analysis the main business of philosophy. They confess frankly that the human intellect is of profound importance to mankind, but they refuse to believe that there is some "higher" way of knowing, by which we can discover truths hidden from science and the intellect. For this renunciation, they have been rewarded by the discovery that many questions, formerly obscured by the fog of metaphysics, can be answered with precision, and by objective methods which .introduce nothing of the philosophers’ temperament except the desire to understand. Take such questions as. What is a number? What are space and time? What is mind, and what is matter? I do not say that we can here and now give definite answers to all these ancient questions, but I do say that a method has been discovered by which, as in science, we can make successive approximations to the truth.
The author’s description of philosophers of logical analysis mentions which of the following?
选项
A、They believe there is a higher way of knowing.
B、They believe truths can be discovered from science.
C、They believe that human intellect is important.
D、They believe that people can discover truth from intellect.
答案
C
解析
本题为事实信息题。题目问:作者在描述逻辑分析哲学家们的时候提到下列哪一项?第六段关键句“They confess frankly that the human intellect is of profound importance to mankind, but they refuse to believe that there is some ’higher’ way of knowing, by which we can discover truths hidden from science and the intellect”的意思是:他们坦率地承认人类智慧对于人类来说是非常重要的,但是他们拒绝承认还存在更高的认知方法,通过这种方法我们才能从科学和智慧中找到隐藏的真理。因此,得出正确答案为选项C。注意:根据这一段引文选项A是不正确的,而选项B和选项D表面看起来正确,其实它们是有条件的,即“by which(通过更高的认识方法才能……)”,因此这两项不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hMyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
ChooseTHREEletters,A-F.Writethecorrectlettersinboxesonyouranswersheet.Thelistbelowincludescharacteristics
Answerthequestionsbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersi
TheStudyofChimpanzeeCultureA.Afterstudyingthesimilaritiesbetweenchimpanzeesandhumansforyears,researchershav
AccordingtoMrSingh,onwhichthingdomanypeoplemakesuperficialobservations?MrSinghbelievesthatWesternmethodsplus
Thestoryillustratesthatdogsare______animals.Thepeopleofthetownbuilta______ofadog.
Thestudentsayssheis______whensheisstudyingathome.Themainproblemthestudent’sassignmentsisthattheyfailto_
随机试题
我国的社会主义发展战略只注重了经济的发展,而忽视了社会的综合发展。
关于植皮术的叙述,错误的是
台儿庄战役是中国军民在()战争中第一次空前的胜利,史称“台儿庄大捷”。
下列寻址方式中,()方式需要先计算,再访问主存。
(单选题)我们要把改革创新精神贯彻到治国理政的各个环节,毫不动摇地坚持改革方向,()。
有一种理论认为,证券市场在走向成熟时会使市场参与者的赢利趋向平均化,但是我们知道几乎国内外所有证券市场的价格都存在一定程度的扭曲。如果用更通俗的语言来表述,就是市场永远不会走到真正成熟的那一天,股票价格的定位根本不能用所谓理性的计算来获得。所以,我们将无法
传说中开天辟地、炼石补天、衔石填海的神话人物依次是:
锐进软件股份有限公司是一个由四个子公司,即甲、乙、丙、丁组成的总公司。在总公司的利润方案下,每个子公司承担的利润份额与每年该子公司员工占锐进软件股份有限公司总员工数的份额相等。但是去年该公司的财务报告却显示,甲公司在员工数量增加的同时向总公司上缴利润的比例
关于ARM处理器异常中断响应过程中,以下说法正确的是()。
有两个关系R,S如下:由关系R通过运算得到关系S,则所使用的运算为( )。
最新回复
(
0
)