首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Friction between America’s military and its civilian overseers is nothing new. America’s 220-year experiment in civilian control
Friction between America’s military and its civilian overseers is nothing new. America’s 220-year experiment in civilian control
admin
2017-03-23
55
问题
Friction between America’s military and its civilian overseers is nothing new. America’s 220-year experiment in civilian control of the military is a recipe for friction. The nation’s history has seen a series of shifts in decision-making power among the White House, the civilian secretaries and the uniformed elite (精英). However, what may seem on the outside an unstable and special system of power sharing has, without a doubt, been a key to two centuries of military success.
In the infighting dated to the revolution, George Washington waged a continual struggle not just for money, but to control the actual battle plan. The framers of the Constitution sought to clarify things by making the president the "commander in chief." Not since Washington wore his uniform and led the troops across the Alleghenies to quell (镇压) the Whiskey Rebellion has a sitting president taken command in the field. Yet the absolute authority of the president ensures his direct command. The president was boss, and everyone in uniform knew it.
In the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln dealt directly with his generals, and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton handled administrative details. Lincoln, inexperienced in military matters, initially deferred (顺从) to his generals. But when their caution proved disastrous, he issued his General War Order No. 1—explicitly commanding a general advance of all Union forces. Some generals, George B. McClellan in particular, bridled at his hands-on direction. But in constitutional terms, Lincoln was in the right.
His most important decision was to put Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the Union Army in 1864. Left to its own timetable, the military establishment would never have touched Grant. The relationship between the president and his general provides a textbook lesson in civilian control and power sharing. Grant was a general who would take the fight to the enemy, and not second-guess the president’s political decisions. Unlike McClellan, for example, Grant cooperated wholeheartedly in recruiting black soldiers. For his part, Lincoln did not meddle in operations and did not visit the headquarters in the field unless invited.
The balance set up by Grant and Lincoln stayed more or less in place through World War I. Not until World War II did the pendulum finally swing back toward the White House. Franklin Roosevelt, who had been assistant Navy secretary during World War I, was as well prepared to be commander in chief as any wartime president since George Washington.
According to the passage, Washington________.
选项
A、struggled with the congress only for money
B、lived up to the code of the constitution that the president was "the commander in chief
C、looked more like a general than a president
D、did much more than he should as a president
答案
B
解析
文章第二段说华盛顿穿上制服亲临前线指挥,身体力行了宪法中总统是总司令的条款。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hRLi777K
0
在职申硕(同等学力)英语
相关试题推荐
IsthereenoughoilbeneaththeArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge(ANWR)tohelpsecureAmerica’senergyfuture?PresidentBushcer
Itistheinteraction(between)people,(ratherthan)theeventsthatoccurintheirlivesthat(are)themainfocus(of)social
MostpeoplewouldbeimpressedbythehighqualityofmedicineavailabletomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,a
International______shouldbereducedbetweenthetwocountrieswhenthisagreementissigned.
Arecentreportonpopulationtrendconductedbythethink【1】oftheWorldwatchInstituteidentifiessignsofslowinggrowthin
Arecentreportonpopulationtrendconductedbythethink【1】oftheWorldwatchInstituteidentifiessignsofslowinggrowthin
Arecentreportonpopulationtrendconductedbythethink【1】oftheWorldwatchInstituteidentifiessignsofslowinggrowthin
Arecentreportonpopulationtrendconductedbythethink【1】oftheWorldwatchInstituteidentifiessignsofslowinggrowthin
随机试题
A、Thepersonlosesallself-worth.B、Thepersonpossessesnospirit.C、Thepersoncannotfunctionasapartofawhole.D、Allof
痰迷心窍证与痰火扰心证均可出现的临床表现是
患儿,半岁。骤闻异声后,夜里啼哭1个月,每夜发作3~5分钟。其病因是
关于社会主义法治理念的理解,下列哪一选项是正确的?(卷一/2009年第3题)
按()环境影响评价可分为矿山开发的环境影响评价、工业建设项目的环境影响评价、交通运输建设项目的环境影响评价、旅游风景区的环境评价。
风险管理的原则有哪些?
丙公司2017年12月31日的资产负债表显示:资产总额年初数和年末数分别为4800万元和5000万元,负债总额年初数和年末数分别为2400万元和2500万元,丙公司2017年度收入为7350万元,净利润为294万元。要求:计算销售净
Duringthetraditionalweddingceremony,thebrideandthebridegroompromiseeachotherlifelongdevotion.Yet,aboutoneouto
To:LarrySinclairFrom:JohnLettermanJohn,Iamduetomaketheclosingcommentsatourend-of-the-yearpartythisFriday.I
Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mo
最新回复
(
0
)