首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
admin
2014-12-11
68
问题
Chinese Calligraphy
Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centuries in the history of China. Today it still has a place in museums.
I. Roles of calligraphy
A. a means of communication
B. a way of expressing the 【B1】 of nature 【B1】______
II. Characteristics of calligraphy
A. Calligraphy as an expressive art: to 【B2】 the 【B2】______
identity of a man
B. Calligraphy as a practical fine art: to be used as ornaments
III. Benefits of practicing calligraphy
A. getting one’s subconsciousness exercised
B. bringing about 【B3】 between the mind and the body 【B3】______
C. enabling one to enjoy healthy life and longevity
IV. Five basic script types in Chinese calligraphy
A. the Seal Script
— the oldest style, making a signature-like impression
— generally used in 【B4】 today 【B4】______
B. the Official or Clerical Script
— Characters appear 【B5】 : strokes often start thin 【B5】______
and end thick.
— still common in printing because of its elegance
C. the Regular Script
— Characters are regular, written 【B6】 . 【B6】______
— most widely used and the most legible
D. the Running Script
— Strokes may run into one another.
— Characters are less 【B7】 . 【B7】______
E. the Cursive Script
— a flowing style with few angular lines
— Strokes are altered or removed for smooth
writing or purpose 【B8】_ 【B8】______
V. Status and influence of calligraphy
A. an important 【B9】 for imperial court to select officials 【B9】______
B. an art unique to Asian cultures
C. a source of inspiration to 【B10】 【B10】______
【B10】
Chinese Calligraphy
Good morning, everyone. Today’s lecture is about Chinese calligraphy. In China, calligraphy is one of the four traditional Chinese arts, the other three being guqin, chess and painting. Calligraphy dates back to the earliest days in Chinese history, and is admired and displayed in museums just as paintings are.
[1] For the Chinese, the ancient art of the written word is not just a method of communication but also a means of expressing the dynamic forces of the natural world. By controlling the concentration of ink, the thickness and absorption of the paper, and the flexibility of the brush, the artist is free to produce an infinite variety of styles and forms. Chinese calligraphy serves the purpose of conveying thought but also shows the "abstract" beauty of the line. Rhythm, line, and structure are more perfectly embodied in calligraphy than in painting or sculpture.
[2] Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them", one can "read" the identity of the person through his or her handwriting. Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, [2] calligraphy is a reflection of a person’s emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, and accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life.
Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value. Moreover, calligraphy is often used to decorate articles of everyday use. Even on the ordinary, everyday level of life, beautiful writing is appreciated.
To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke until the spirit of the practice gets into one’s mind. Calligraphy can temper a person into a state in which one can apply subconsciousness absorbed from daily practice to control the concentration of ink and the compatibility of font and size of each piece or word. [3] To the artist, calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and the body to choose the best styling in expressing the content of the passage. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise indeed for one’s physical and spiritual well being. Historically, many calligraphy artists were well known for their longevity.
Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture. Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories: the Seal Script (zhuanshu), the Official or Clerical Script (lishu), the Regular Script (kaishu), the Running Script (xingshu) and the Cursive Script (caoshu).
The Seal Script (often called Small Seal Script) is the formal script of the Qin system of writing. It is the oldest style that continues to be widely practiced. [4] Today, this ancient style of Chinese writing is used predominantly in seals, hence the English name. Although seals, which make a signature-like impression, are carved in wood, jade and other materials, the script itself was originally written with brush and ink on paper, just like all other scripts.
The Official or Clerical Script developed from the Seal Script. [5] In general, characters are often "flat" in appearance, being wider than they are tall. The strokes may appear curved, and often start thin and end thick. Most noticeable is the dramatically flared tail of one dominant horizontal or downward-diagonal stroke, especially that to the lower right. This characteristic stroke has famously been called "silkworm head and wild goose tail" (cantou yanwei) in Chinese due to its distinctive shape.
The Clerical Script became mature in the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty and replaced the Seal Script. Modern works in the Clerical Script tend to use the mature, late Han style, and may also use modernized character structures, resulting in a form as transparent and legible as Regular Script. The Clerical Script remains common as a typeface used for decorative purposes, but it is not commonly written.
The Regular Script (often called Standard Script or simply kaishu) is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop, emerging between the Chinese Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period, gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and maturing in the Tang Dynasty. It emerged from a neatly written, early period semi-cursive form of clerical script. [6] As the name suggests, the Regular Script is "regular", with each of the strokes placed slowly and carefully, the brush lifted from the paper and all the strokes distinct from each other. The Regular Script is also the most easily and widely recognized style.
The Semi-cursive Script (xingshu), also called Running Script, approximates normal handwriting in which strokes and, more rarely, characters are allowed to run into one another. In writing in the Semi-cursive Script, the brush leaves the paper less often than in the Regular Script. [7] Characters appear less angular and rounder.
The Cursive Script (sometimes called Grass Script, caoshu) is a fully cursive script, and is hard to read. Entire characters may be written without lifting the brush from the paper at all, and characters are highly rounded and soft in appearance, with a noticeable lack of angular lines. [8] Strokes are modified or eliminated completely to facilitate smooth writing and to create a beautiful, abstract appearance.
Chinese calligraphy was established as a "high art" form well before the Tang dynasty. It has continuously enjoyed a high status among the arts ever since. [9] During the imperial era, calligraphy was used as an important criterion for selection of executives to the Imperial court.
Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.
[10] Widely accepted by the West, many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern Western art. In the West, Picasso and Matisse are two artists who openly declared the influence by Chinese calligraphy on their works. Picasso even said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter."
OK, today we’ve introduced the ancient art of calligraphy, mainly the five basic script types. Next week, we’ll appreciate works of calligraphy masters throughout the history of China, thereby bringing an aesthetic dimension to your understanding of Chinese writing.
选项
答案
modern Western art
解析
讲座的最后一部分讲书法对东西方艺术的影响。首先提到书法成为东方艺术的一大特色,然后提到现代西方艺术也在吸收许多书法元素,最后以毕加索和马蒂斯为例进行说明。an art unique to Asian cultures对应书法对东方艺术的影响,a source of inspiration to (10) 应该对应书法对西方艺术的影响,故空格处应填入modern Western art。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hRdO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WritingEffectiveSurveyQuestionsI.ForquantitativedataA.Makinganoutlineofissueswith(1)______,concretethoughts(1)_
WithinEUprimaryeducation,aclearmajorityofpupilschoosetostudyEnglishlikeaforeignlanguage.Indeed,learningEnglis
TheAmericanDream:MythorRealityI.Orignoftheterm:A.begantobewidelyusedin(1)______(1)______B.firstappearedina
Working-classfamiliesintheUnitedStatesareusuallynuclear,andmanystudiesindicatethatworking-classcouplesmarryfor
RobertLouisStevensonisarepresentativeof_____inEnglishliterature.
FiveTipsforStudyingAmericanRevolutionAmericanRevolution—ARI.AvoidthedreadedAR(1)______bubble.(1)______A.notjustk
FiveTipsforStudyingAmericanRevolutionAmericanRevolution—ARI.AvoidthedreadedAR(1)______bubble.(1)______A.notjustk
Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistinc
Ofallthesymbols,______,whichisconsideredtorepresentfertilityandnewlife,arethosemostfrequentlyassociatedwithE
1 Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-eyedMons
随机试题
女性,60岁,颈后局限性肿痛6天,伴有畏寒、发热38.5℃,来急诊时己用抗生素治疗3天,体格检查见颈后发际下方肿胀,皮肤红肿,质地坚韧,界限不清,其中央多个小脓头伴坏死组织,白细胞数16×109/L,中性粒细胞0.90(90%)。此时最恰当的治疗选择是
无屈光作用的结构是()。
牛黄在《中国药典》中的质量控制成分是()。
某钢铁公司与某机械进出口公司签订购买价值为2000万元的设备合同,为购买此设备向商业银行借款2000万元并签订借款合同。后因故购销合同作废,改签融资租赁合同,租赁费1000万元。根据上述情况,该厂一共应缴纳印花税为()。
民族区域自治的基本精神是()。
试图使别人积极看待自己的努力是获得性印象管理;而尽可能弱化自己的不足或避免使别人消极地看待自己的防御性措施是保护性印象管理。根据上述定义,下列属于保护性印象管理的是()。
请从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性。()
有关孙中山的旧三民主义学说的认识正确的有()
假设学生Students和教师Teachers关系模式如下所示:Students(学号,姓名,性别,类别,身份证号)Teachers(教师号,姓名,性别,身份证号)其中,学生关系中的类别分为“本科生”和“研究生”两类。
Thehumaneyeisstilluncivilized.Thousandsofyearsagopoetsmadeupsongsandchantedthemforeagerears.Thesesongswere
最新回复
(
0
)