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  3. Thirty-five years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for

Thirty-five years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for

admin2009-04-27  98
问题     Thirty-five years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks, what would ultimately become the Internet remains a work in progress.
    University researchers are experimenting with ways to increase its capacity and speed. Programmers are trying to imbue Web pages with intelligence. And work is underway to re-engineer the net-work to reduce spam and security troubles.
    (46)All the while threats loom: critics ware that commercial, legal and political pressures could hinder the types of innovations that made the Internet what it is today.
    Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf were among the graduate students who joined UCLA professor Len Kleinrock in an engineering lab on Sept. 2, 1969, as bits of meaningless test data flowed silently between the two computers. By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.
    (47)Then came e-mail a few years later, a core communications agreement called TCP/IP in the late 70s, the domain name system in the 80s and the World Wide Web—now the second most popular application behind e-mail—in 1990. The Internet expanded beyond its initial military and educational domain into businesses and homes around the world.
    Today, Crocker continues work on the Internet, designing better tools for collaboration. (48)And as security chairman for the Internet’s key oversight body, he is trying to defend the core addressing system from outside threats.
    He acknowledges the Internet he helped build is far from finished, and changes are in store to meet growing demands for multimedia. (49)Network providers now make only "best efforts" at delivering data packets, and Crocker said better guarantees are needed to prevent the skips and unexpected pauses now common with video.
    Cerf, now at MCI Inc., said he wished he could have designed the Internet with security built-in. Microsoft Corp., Yahoo Inc. and America Online Inc., among others, are currently trying to retrofit the network so e-mail senders can be authenticated—a way to cut clown on junk messages sent using spoofed addresses.
    (50)Many features being developed today wouldn’t have been possible at birth given the slower computing speeds and narrower Internet pipes, or bandwidth, Cerf said.
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答案而威胁一直忽隐忽现：批评家们提醒说商业、法律和政治压力会阻碍各种创新，而正是这种创新促使因特网发展到今天。
解析 本句是复合句，冒号后的部分与前面部分是同位关系，是对前部分threats loom的解释。句子主干结构是：critics warn that…。commercial，legal and political pressures…what it is today是宾语从句，其中 that made the Internet what it is today是定语从句，修饰先行词innovations，what it is today是宾语补足语。本句翻译时也应采取分译法，将定语从句与其修饰的先行词断开翻译，只需将名词部分重复即可。句中 what it is today直译为"今天这个样子"，翻译时应与前面部分一起翻译成"促使因特网发展到今天"。
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