首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Anthropologists, psychologists and others have begun seeking the roots of ambition in family, culture, gender, genes and more. T
Anthropologists, psychologists and others have begun seeking the roots of ambition in family, culture, gender, genes and more. T
admin
2013-11-29
50
问题
Anthropologists, psychologists and others have begun seeking the roots of ambition in family, culture, gender, genes and more. They have by no means thrown the curtain all the way back, but they have begun to part it.
If humans are an ambitious species, it’s clear we’re not the only one. Many animals are known to signal their ambitious tendencies almost from birth. Even before wolf pups are weaned, they begin sorting themselves out into alphas and all the others. The alphas are quicker, more curious, greedier for space, milk, Mom--and they stay that way for life. Alpha wolves wander widely, breed annually and may live to a geriatric 10 or 11 years old. Lower-ranking wolves enjoy none of these benefits--staying close to home, breeding rarely and usually dying before they’re four.
Humans often report the same kind of temperamental determinism. Families are full of stories of the inexhaustible infant who grew up to be an entrepreneur, the phlegmatic child who never really showed much go. But if it’s genes that run the show, what explains identical twins--precise genetic templates of each other who ought to be temperamentally identical but often exhibit profound differences in the octane of their ambition?
Ongoing studies of identical twins have measured achievement motivation--lab language for ambition--in identical siblings separated at birth, and found that each twin’s profile overlaps 30% to 50% of the other’s. In genetic terms, that’s an awful lot--"a benchmark for heritability", says geneticist Dean Hamer of the U.S. National Cancer Institute. But that still leaves a great deal that can be determined by experiences in infancy, subsequent upbringing and countless other imponderables.
Some of those variables may be found by studying the function of the brain. At Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, researchers have been conducting brain imaging to investigate a trait they call persistence--the ability to stay focused on a task until it’s completed just so--which they consider one of the critical engines driving ambition.
The researchers recruited a sample group of students and gave each a questionnaire designed to measure persistence level. Then they presented the students with a task--identifying sets of pictures as either pleasant or unpleasant and taken either indoors or outdoors--while conducting magnetic resonance imaging of their brains. The nature of the task was unimportant, but how strongly the subjects felt about performing it well--and where in the brain that feeling was processed--could say a lot. In general, the researchers found that students who scored highest in persistence had the greatest activity in the limbic region, the area of the brain related to emotions and habits. "The correlation was .8 [or 80%]," says professor of psychiatry Robert Cloninger, one of the investigators. "That’s as good as you can get."
It’s impossible to say whether innate differences in the brain were driving the ambitious behavior or whether learned behavior was causing the limbic to light up. But a number of researchers believe it’s possible for the nonambitious to jump-start their drive, provided the right jolt comes along. "Energy level may be genetic," says psychologist Simonton, "but a lot of times it’s just finding the right thing to be ambitious about." Simonton and others often cite the case of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who might not have been the same President he became--or even become president at all--had his disabling polio not taught him valuable lessons about patience and tenacity.
By using the word "imponderables" in Paragraph 4, the author suggests that ______ .
选项
A、some people are much more ambitious than others
B、some studies are hardly successful
C、some variables are difficult to calculate approximately
D、some twins show a tremendous likeness to each other
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hUhO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Evenplantscanrunafever,especiallywhentheyareunderattackbyinsectsordisease.But【71】humans,plantscanhavetheirt
Itisadreamworld,wherechemistscanturnasow’searintoasilkpurse,wherebioengineerscanputalittlebitofasheepi
Shynessisanearlyuniversalhumantrait.Almosteveryonehasboutsofit,andhalfofthosesurveyeddescribethemselvesassh
Theinfluenceofthemoralstandardsofthehomeisevident.Ifthereisnorecognitionofthedifference【B1】______rightand
Themostconvincingevidencefortheimportanceofadultinfluenceonachild’sintelligencecomesfromastudyof"atrisk"chil
Everysecond,【56】hectareoftheworld’srainforestisdestroyed.That’sonetotwofootballfields.This【57】rateofdestruct
InAmerica’sfiercelyadversariallegalsystem,agoodlawyerisessential.AskO.J.Simpson.Inalandmarkcase35yearsago,G
Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,andalthoughwemaytake【46】forgranted,weoftendon’tclearlyunderstandhowwem
Theracialtheoryofcivilizationhasceasedtobescientificallyrespectable.Todayweonlyknowitasasophisticalexcusefor
随机试题
献血者两次采血的间隔时间不得少于
作为企业财务管理目标,每股收益最大化目标较之利润最大化目标的优点在于()。
修饰性反问引起的后果是()。
在“陆地生活的动物”教学前,教师布置任务让学生采集蚯蚓进行观察,并设计了一系列的问题来引导学生自主学习,问题顺序最恰当的是()。①蚯蚓怎样运动②蚯蚓体形有什么特点③什么地方容易找到蚯蚓④大雨过后蚯蚓为什么跑到地面
公安机关处于国内斗争的第一线,它所面对的()。
简述法的局限性。
简述《大清新刑律》在形式和内容上的变化。
以下哪一种选项不属于软件缺陷?______。
在下列枚举符号中,用来表示"相对于当前位置"文件定位方式的是()。
DictationListentothepassage.Forquestions21~25,fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsorphrasesyouhear.TheGre
最新回复
(
0
)