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  3. 【61】 We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours’ wa

【61】 We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours’ wa

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问题      【61】 We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of dark ness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
   The question is no mere academic one. 【62】 The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m., one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. 【63】 This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
     【64】 One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, bas shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week.
     【65】 The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permanent night work.
【61】
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答案我们都清楚正常人每天的活动周期是大约 7～8小时的睡眠和16～17小时的清醒相互交替，我们也知道，一般来说，睡眠常在夜间进行。
解析 know后面引导的是两个由that引导的宾语从句。alternate with意为“与…交替”；broadly speaking意为“大体上说，广义上讲”；coincide with意为“与…巧合，同时发生”。
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