首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Lifesaver Heroine—Florence Nightingale "The ultimate destination of all nursing is the nursing of the sick in their own home
Lifesaver Heroine—Florence Nightingale "The ultimate destination of all nursing is the nursing of the sick in their own home
admin
2010-05-26
28
问题
Lifesaver Heroine—Florence Nightingale
"The ultimate destination of all nursing is the nursing of the sick in their own homes. I look to the abolition of all hospitals and Workhouse infirmaries. "
—Florence Nightingale
Early Years
Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May 1820 and was named Florence after the city where she was born. Her parents, William Edward and Frances Nightingale were a wealthy couple, who had toured Europe/or two years on their honeymoon. During their travels their first daughter, Parthenope, was born in Naples (Parthenope being the Greek name for the ancient city), followed one year later by Florence. On returning to England the Nightingales divided their time between two homes.. In the summer months they lived at Lea Hurst in Derbyshire, moving to Embley in Hampshire for the winter. Lea Hurst is now a retirement home and Embley is now a school.
Call from God
Florence and Parthenope were taught at home by their Cambridge University educated father. Florence was an academic child, while her sister excelled at painting and needlework. Florence grew up to be a lively and attractive young woman, admired in the family’s social circle and she was expected to make a good marriage, but Florence had other concerns. In 1837, whilst in the gardens at Embley, Florence had what she described as her "calling". Florence heard the voice of God calling her to do his work, but at this time she had no idea what that work would be.
The Years of Struggle and the Visit to Kaiserswerth
Florence developed an interest in the social questions of the day, made visits to the homes of the sick in the local villages and began to investigate hospitals and nursing. Her parents refused to allow her to become a nurse as in the mid-nineteenth century it was not considered a suitable profession for a well educated woman. While the family conflicts over Florence’s future remained unresolved, it was decided that Florence would tour Europe with some family friends, Charles and Selina Bracebridge. The three traveled to Italy, Egypt and Greece, returning in July 1850 through Germany where they visited Pastor Theodor Fliedner’s hospital and school for deaconesses (女执事,牧师的女助手) at Kaiserswerth, near Dusseldorf. The following year Florence Nightingale returned to Kaiserswerth and undertook three months nursing training, which enabled her to take a vacancy as Superintendent of the Establishment for Gentlewomen during illness at No.1 Harley Street, London in 1853.
The Crimean War
In March 1854 Britain, France and Turkey declared war on Russia. The allies defeated the Russians at the battle of the Alma in September but reports in The Times criticized the British medical facilities for the wounded. In response, Sidney Herbert, the Minister at War, who knew Florence Nightingale socially and through her work at Harley Street, appointed her to oversee the introduction of female nurses into the military hospitals in Turkey. On 4 November 1854, Florence Nightingale arrived at the Barrack Hospital in Scutari, a suburb on the Asian side of Constantinople (君士坦丁堡), with the party of 38 nurses. Initially the doctors did not want the nurses there and did not ask for their help, but within ten days fresh casualties arrived from the battle of Inkerman and the nurses were fully stretched.
The "Lady-in-Chief", as Florence was called, wrote home on behalf of the soldiers. She acted as a banker, sending the men’s wages home to their families, and introduced reading rooms to the hospital. In return she gained the undying respect of the British soldiers. The introduction of female nurses to the military hospitals was an outstanding success, and to show the nation’s gratitude for Florence Nightin gale’s hard work a public subscription (募捐) was organized in November 1855. The money collected was to enable Florence Nightingale to continue her reform of nursing in the civil hospitals of Britain.
When Florence Nightingale returned from the Crimean War in August 1856, four months after the peace treaty was signed, she hid herself away from the public’s attention. In November 1856 Miss Nightingale took a hotel room in London which became the centre for the campaign for a Royal Commission to investigate the health of the British Army. When Sidney Herbert was appointed chairman, she continued as a driving force behind the scenes.
For her contribution to Army statistics and comparative hospital statistics in 1860, Florence Nightingale became the first woman to be elected a fellow of the Statistical Society. In 1865 she settled at 10 South Street, Mayfair, in the West End of London and apart from occasional visits to Embley, Lea Hurst and to her sister at Claydon House she lived there until her death.
Nightingale Training School for Nurses
Florence Nightingale’s greatest achievement was to raise nursing to the level of a respectable profession for women. In 1860, with the public subscriptions of the Nightingale Fund, she established the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St Thomas’ Hospital. Mrs Sarah Wardroper, Matron at St Thomas’, became the head of the new school. The probationer (实习护士) nurses received a year’s training which included some lectures but was mainly practical ward work under the supervision of the ward sister. "Miss Nightingale", as she was always called by the nurses, scrutinized the probationers’ ward diaries and reports.
From 1872 Florence Nightingale devoted closer attention to the organization of the School and almost annually for the next thirty years she wrote an open letter to the nurses and probationers giving advice and encouragement. On completion of training Florence Nightingale gave the nurses books and invited them to tea. Once trained the nurses were sent to staff hospitals in Britain and abroad and to established nursing training schools on the Nightingale model. In 1860 her best known work, Notes on Nursing, was published. It laid down the principles of nursing: careful observation and sensitivity to the patient’s needs. Notes on Nursing has been translated into eleven foreign languages and is still in print today.
Public Health
Florence Nightingale’s writings on hospital planning and organization had a profound effect in England and across the world. Miss Nightingale was the principal advocate of the "Pavilion" plan for hospitals in Britain.
Like her friend, the public health reformer Edwin Chadwick, Florence Nightingale believed that infection arose spontaneously in dirty and poorly ventilated places. This mistaken belief nevertheless led to improvements in hygiene and healthier living and working environments. Florence Nightingale also advised and supported William Rathbone in the development of district nursing in Liverpool and many Nightingale trained nurses became pioneers in this field.
Old Age
Although Florence Nightingale was bedridden for many years, she campaigned tirelessly to improve health standards, publishing 200 hooks, reports and pamphlets. In recognition of her hard work Queen Victoria awarded Miss Nightingale the Royal Red Cross in 1883. In her old age she received many honors, including the Order of Merit (1907), becoming the first woman to receive it. Florence Nightingale died at home at the age of 90 on 13 August 1910 and, according to her wishes, she was buried at St Margaret’s, East Wellow, near her parent’s home, Embley Park in Hampshire. Florence Nightingale’s farsighted reforms have influenced the nature of modern health care and her writings continue to be a resource for nurses, health managers and planners.
She believed that her attraction to nursing was God’s will, or a "calling".
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
A
解析
在文章第二部分Call from God中可以看出南丁格尔认为自己从事医护行业是上帝的旨意,是神的召唤。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hcV7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Whatishappiness?WeAmericansbelievethattherightto【C1】______happinessisissuedtouswiththebirth【C2】______,butn
Whatishappiness?WeAmericansbelievethattherightto【C1】______happinessisissuedtouswiththebirth【C2】______,butn
Whatishappiness?WeAmericansbelievethattherightto【C1】______happinessisissuedtouswiththebirth【C2】______,butn
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledCollegesHaveOpenedTheirDoorsWider.Youshouldwri
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicToliveinalargecityorinasmalltownorvill
A、Marriageneedstobeimproved.B、Peoplegetcaughtupwithcareers.C、Peopleshouldbebusywithraisingkids.D、Marriageneed
A、Sheshouldcalltheneighborstocomplain.B、Sheshouldintroduceherchildrentotheneighbors.C、Sheshouldbringtheneighb
FlorenceStephenis77andlivesinDeganwy,NorthWales.Sheisreadingforartsdegree."I’mmoreofacreaturetopolishmym
FlorenceStephenis77andlivesinDeganwy,NorthWales.Sheisreadingforartsdegree."I’mmoreofacreaturetopolishmym
LifesaverHeroine—FlorenceNightingale"Theultimatedestinationofallnursingisthenursingofthesickintheirownhome
随机试题
Peterisusedtoasimplewayofliving.Hedoesn’twantto______somuchmoneyonfoodorclothing.
A.梅毒B.淋病C.软下疳D.性病淋巴肉芽肿(LGV)E.非淋菌性尿道炎沙眼衣原体LGV生物变种可导致的疾病为
A.腕横纹上5寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间B.腕横纹上3寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间C.腕横纹上2寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间D.腕横纹上1寸,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间E.腕横纹中央,掌长肌腱与桡侧腕屈肌腱之间善于治疗心痛、烦闷、口疮,
人事争议仲裁委员会由哪些人员组成?()
为了满足某市数字城市建设的需要,某市计划生产该地区的1:2000比例尺的数字正射影像图(DOM)和1:2000比例尺数字地形图。已于××××年××月完成了全部测区的航空摄影工作;并完成了区域网外业控制点的布设和测量工作,现阶段的工作是完成全部测区的解析空中
下列关于安全生产保证计划编制的关键点的说法,错误的是()。
下列关于业主对专有部分以外的共有部分权利和义务关系的说法,正确的是()。
初中学生的年龄在12—15岁之间,处于少年期,是个体生理发展的第()个高峰期。
大学生村官创业“扬帆计划”项目评比中,甲得了83分,乙的得分比丙高,丁和丙的得分之和大于甲和乙的得分之和,甲的得分比戊高,此次测试85分以上为优秀,5人之中有2人没有达到优秀。可以推出5人成绩从高到低排序最符合题干论述的是:()
在面向对象的设计中,用来请求对象执行某一处理或回答某些信息的要求称为【】。
最新回复
(
0
)