首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, Br
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, Br
admin
2018-04-19
98
问题
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection.【K1】______.
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.
【K2】______.
In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.【K3】______.
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.
【K4】______.
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.【K5】______.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.
[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage , categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
[F] Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
【K5】
选项
答案
G
解析
本题是列举、举例关系题。该空格位于第五段末尾。空格前一句话提到,有些持文化传播论的人类学家将重要的文化成果归功于几个民族,尤其是那些有着天赋的民族的发明创造,之后再传播到其他文化中。而G选项的内容由“for example”引出一个例子,即为文化传播论的观点提供了例证。且其中的“diffused throughout the world”与空格前的“spread to other cultures”这个信息相关。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hfRd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Theyoungmanwantstoknowifthereareany______forthecourseinModemGuitar.
WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoans
NewfiguresfromFrance,GermanyandItaly--thethreebiggesteconomiesinthe12-countryEurozone-suggestthecontinent’sec
NewfiguresfromFrance,GermanyandItaly--thethreebiggesteconomiesinthe12-countryEurozone-suggestthecontinent’sec
Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas"hard",thesocialsciencesas"soft",andthebiological
Insomecountries,societalandfamilialtreatmentoftheelderlyusuallyreflectsagreatdegreeofindependenceandindividual
Insomecountries,societalandfamilialtreatmentoftheelderlyusuallyreflectsagreatdegreeofindependenceandindividual
61)Fathersexposedtopoisonoussubstancesareprobablyjustaslikelytobethecauseofdefectsintheirunborninfantsasmo
61)Fathersexposedtopoisonoussubstancesareprobablyjustaslikelytobethecauseofdefectsintheirunborninfantsasmo
85%根据“Afterall,85percentofdoctorssupportexperimentsonanimals.”得出答案。句子中出现各类承接词时要特别注意,上下文往往是考点所在。
随机试题
心智技能
A.贫血和出血程度一致B.贫血和出血程度不一致C.有贫血而无出血D.有出血而无贫血溶血性贫血
A.70μW/cm2B.80μW/cm2C.90μW/cm2D.100μW/cm2E.180μW/cm2使用中红外线灯管的辐照强度不得低于()
A.运动性蛋白尿B.微量白蛋白尿C.大量白蛋白尿D.体位性蛋白尿E.组织性蛋白尿早期糖尿病肾病
“中精之腑”指的是
在工程建设实施阶段,质量监督机构监督的对象包括()等单位。[2009年真题]
()是应用文主旨经常使用的表现方法。
相对于“学者”而言,“评论家”常常会给人一种特定的印象:短平快的犀利文风,敏感度极高,对作品的形式、技巧、风格、流派如数家珍;但同时也会显出“浮躁”的所谓“评论家”做派,凭印象感觉率性发声,缺少严格的学理支撑,从而坠人肤浅的窠臼。相对于扎实的考史订伪的学者
顺从是指互动中的一方自愿或主动地调整自己的行为,按另一方的要求行事,即一方服从另一方。顺应的含义比顺从更广泛,除了有顺从的含义外,它还指互动的双方或各方都调整自己的行为,以实现互相适应。根据上述定义,下列行为属于顺应的是()。
OverthepastdecadeoneprimaryfunctionoftheWorldBankhasbeen______.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.
最新回复
(
0
)