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  3. Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its

Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its

admin2012-07-17  25
问题     Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.
    "One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will some times perform two or three of them. "
    Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4 800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.
    There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still (停滞不前). But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
Adam Smith mentioned the number 4 800 in order to______.
选项 A、show the advantages of the division of labor
B、show the advantages of the old craft system
C、emphasize how powerful the individual worker was
D、emphasize the importance of increased production
答案A
解析 本题问亚当·斯密提到每个工人每天能生产4 800枚大头针这一数字的用意是什么。本题为具体细节题，利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在第三段第一句话中找到与答案相关的信息，通读整个第三段，我们可以推断出A项为正确答案，亚当·斯密用这一数字来表明劳动分工的优越性。其余三项与本题无关，为错误选项。
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