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  3. As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the

As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the

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问题     As part of more comprehensive compliance and ethics programs, many companies have formulated internal policies pertaining to the ethical conduct of employees. These policies can be simple exhortations in broad, highly-generalized language (typically called a corporate ethics statement) , or they can be more detailed policies, containing specific behavioral requirements (typically called corporate ethics codes).【T1】They are generally meant to identify the company’ s expectations of workers and to offer guidance on handling some of the more common ethical problems that might a-rise in the course of doing business.【T2】It is hoped that having such a policy will lead to greater ethical awareness, consistency in application, and the avoidance of ethical disasters.
   【T3】An increasing number of companies also requires employees to attend seminars regarding business conduct, which often include discussion of the company’s policies, specific case studies, and legal requirements. Some companies even require their employees to sign agreements stating that they will abide by the company’ s rules of conduct.
    Many companies are assessing the environmental factors that can lead employees to engage in unethical conduct. A competitive business environment may call for unethical behavior. Lying has become expected in fields such as trading. An example of this are the issues surrounding the unethical actions of the Saloman Brothers.
    Not everyone supports corporate policies that govern ethical conduct. Some claim that ethical problems are better dealt with by depending upon employees to use their own judgment.
    Others believe that corporate ethics policies are primarily rooted in utilitarian concerns, and that they are mainly to limit the company’ s legal liability, or to curry public favor by giving the appearance of being a good corporate citizen. Ideally, the company will avoid a lawsuit because its employees will follow the rules.【T4】Should a lawsuit occur, the company can claim that the problem would not have arisen if the employee had only followed the code properly.
    Sometimes there is disconnection between the company’ s code of ethics and the company’ s actual practices.【T5】Thus, whether or not such conduct is explicitly sanctioned by management, at worst, this makes the policy duplicitous (搞两面派的), and, at best, it is merely a marketing tool.
【T5】
选项
答案因此，无论这种行为是否由管理层明确批准，最坏的结果是，它将使政策变得模棱两可，最好的结果是，它仅仅是一个营销工具。
解析 本题含由whether引出的状语从句，意为无论是否，at worst表示最坏的结果是，at best表示最好的结果是。
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