首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One ske
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One ske
admin
2011-01-17
68
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters
some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that
hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge
Line stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be
(5) led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations.
Noting that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both
self-generated and that, like real hearing, a hallucination is experienced as the
product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET (positron emission
tomography) to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to
(10) imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring
regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory
hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to
determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged" as
authentic and originating in the outside world.
(15) Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects
who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During
the session, the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with
their eyes covered, their brain activity being monitored under four conditions:
at rest; while hearing an audiotape of a voice, while imagining hearing the voice
(20) again; and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being
informed that the tape was playing once more, although it was not. The tests
suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex
was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they
were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained
(25) dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to
blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response.
McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain
as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people, highly hypnotizable subjects
(30) benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to
these successes, Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain
structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis, attempting to locate the
brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain, as distinct
from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that
(35) hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex-an area known to
be involved in pain-but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex,
where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings, the mechanisms underlying hypnotic
pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is
(40) that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those
involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most
autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain-such as increased heart
rate-are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia.
The research described in the passage is primarily concerned with answering which of the following questions?
选项
A、How can researchers reproduce the useful effects of hypnosis in a medical setting?
B、How are experiments devoted to disproving the "vivid imagination" objection to hypnosis different from those devoted to disproving the "placebo effect" thesis?
C、What research guarantees the reality of the effects that hypnosis has on brain activity, and what is their causal mechanism?
D、What technical advances have permitted researchers to reject skeptical explanations of the phenomenon of hypnosis?
E、What relationship does brain activity have to the subjective experience of the hypnosis phenomenon?
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/i1jO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
Fiftyyearsago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfun______sightseeing.
Perhapsmorethananythingelse,scientistsareeagertofindoutifMartianlifeexistedinthepast—orstillexists.【C1】______
AstheNationalParkServicecelebratesits100thanniversary(周年纪念),PresidentBarackObamahasannouncedtheestablishmentof
Theeveningnewscomesonatseveno’clockand______onlythirtyminutes.
Mr.Holmescalledatmanyschools______helivedtoaskthemtoaccepthisson,buthewasrefusedeverywhereforbeingablack.
Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,【C1】________canalsodriveyou
Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,【C1】________canalsodriveyou
PERSEVERE:
HAPLESS:
Tocqueville,apparently,waswrong.JacksonianAmericawasnotafluid,egalitariansocietywhereindividualwealthandpoverty
随机试题
下列选项中,不属于癌前病变的是
直肠癌下缘距齿状线3cm,直径1cm,手术术式应选择( )乙状结肠息肉,直径2cm,窄蒂,手术术式应选择( )
下列选项中,属于可以抵押的财产包括()。
钢筋混凝土框架结构中的梁与板应同时浇筑混凝土,当梁高大于()m时,为了施工方便,也可将其单独浇筑。
换入资产和换出资产公允价值均能可靠计量时,采用换入资产公允价值优先原则。()
时下,在一些课堂中,常常遇到这样的情景:老师说:“同学们喜欢哪段就学哪段,大家自由组合,选择同一学习内容的同学坐在一起。”于是,课堂成了“自由市场”,学生们交换位置,你争我抢,自由民主的气氛洋溢着这个空间。问题:作为教师你对这一教学现象怎么看?怎
舞台上的演员不同于画室里的模特儿。舞蹈除自然美外,更注重艺术美,于是便要讲到衣饰。但这衣饰决不像旧戏那样给人套上死板的程式,也不像话剧那样过分地写实。它是绿荷上的露珠,是峭壁上的青藤,是红花下的绿叶,是翠柳上的黄鹂,是一种微妙的附着。 这段文字主要谈
下面的文学常识,连接完全正确的一组是:
根据《物权法》的规定,下列选项中,属于侵犯相邻权的行为有()。
辩证唯物主义和旧唯物主义是唯物主义的不同派别,它们之间既有相同也存在分歧。在认识论领域,二者的区别主要有()
最新回复
(
0
)