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  3. Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while duri

Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while duri

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问题     Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteen century the term "reading" undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
    The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. Reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.
    Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues were, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by book and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.
    By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term "reading" implied.
Educationalists are still arguing about______.
选项 A、the importance of silent reading
B、the amount of information yielded by books and newspapers
C、the effects of reading on health
D、the value of different types of reading material
答案D
解析 细节题。文中第三段讲到，就在本世纪即将结束之际，关于阅读仍存在两种相当大的争议：书籍是否应该仅被用来提供信息还是应该被尊敬地对待；是否阅读报纸之类的材料正慢慢让人们智力下降。实际上，这种争论在我们的教育中依然存在。然而，无论其优点如何，古老的阅读文化已经成为过去。一方面它被印刷媒体取而代之，另一方面也被提供给专业读者的书籍和杂志所取代。据此可知，教育学家仍对不同类型的阅读材料的价值存在着争议。所以正确答案是D。
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