首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a comp
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a comp
admin
2010-04-28
81
问题
We all know that programming language is the system of syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer. Because computers work with binary numbers, first-generation languages, called machine languages, required the writing of long strings of binary numbers to represent such operations as add, subtract, and compare. Later improvements allowed octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representation of binary strings. It is difficult to write error-free programs in machine language; many languages have been created to make programming easier and faster. Symbolic, or assembly, languages-- second-generation languages-- were introduced in the early 1950s. They use simple mnemonics such as "A" for add or "M" for multiply, which are translated into machine language by a computer program called an assembler. An extension of such a language is the macro instruction, a mnemonic (such as "READ" ) for which the assembler substitutes a series of simpler mnemonics. In the mid-1950s, a third generation of languages came into use. Called high-level languages because they are largely independent of the hardware, these algorithmic, or procedural, languages are designed for solving a particular type of problem. Unlike machine or symbolic languages, they vary little between computers. They must be translated into machine code by a program called a compiler or interpreter. The first such language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed about 1956 and best used for scientific calculation. The first commercial language, COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), was developed about 1959. ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language), developed in Europe about 1958, is used primarily in mathematics and science, as is APL (A Programming Language), published in 1962. PI/1 (programming Language I), developed in the late 1960s, and ADA (for Ada Augusta, countess of Lovelace, biographer of Charles Babbage), developed in 1981, are designed for both business and scientific use. For personal computers the most popular languages are BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), developed in 1967 and similar to FORTRAN, and Pascal (for Blaise Pascal, who built the first successful mechanical calculator), introduced in 1971 as a teaching language. Modula 2, a Pacal-like language for commercial and mathematical applications, was introduced in 1982. The C language, introduced (1972) to implement the Unix operating system, has been extended to C ++ to deal with the rigors of object-oriented programming. Fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural. They specify what is to be accomplished without describing how. The first one, FORTH, developed in 1970, is used in scientific and industrial control applications. Most fourth-generation languages are written for specific purposes. Fifth-generation languages, which are still in infancy, are an outgrowth of artificial intelligence research. PROLOG (PRO gramming Logic) is useful for programming logical processes and making deductions automatically.
Many other languages have been designed to meet specialized needs. GPSS (General Purpose System Simulator) is used for modeling physical and environmental events, and SNOBOL (String-Oriented Symbolic Language) and LISP (LISt Processing) are designed for pattern matching and list processing. LOGO, a version of LISP, was developed in the 1960s to help children learn about computers. PILOT (Programmed Instruction Learning, Or Testing) is used in writing instructional software, and Occam is a nonsequential language that optimizes the execution of a program’ s instructions in parallel processing systems.
In the late 1950’ s, for the first time a computer programming language ______.
选项
A、began using binary numbers
B、was used to implement the Unix operating system
C、was put into the market
D、was used for modeling physical and environmental events
答案
C
解析
语意题。1959年即the late 1950’s而put into the market即成为商业语言(commercial language),因此C为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/i3qO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Theabilitytonegotiatesuccessfully,toreachagreementswithotherpeopleorparties,isakeyskillinanybusiness.Thisne
Thetwoeconomistscalltheirpaper"MentalRetirement,"andtheirfindingsfromtheUnitedStatesand12Europeancountriessug
Mostpeoplehaveseenbulliesinaction,makinglifemiserableforothers.Theirtargetsoftenescapetheintimidationrelativel
A、Workhasnowbecomeamajorsocializinginfluenceforwomen.B、Womencanenjoytheirnewlifestylesbytakingcareofsmallch
Isloyaltyintheworkplacedead?Justrecently,LyndaGratton,aworkplaceexpert,proclaimedthatitwas.InTheFinancial
A、Aneducatedpopulation.B、Alargesupplyofgoodsandservices.C、Alargenumberofpublications.D、Anindustrializedsociety.
Tea-takingisavery【B1】______customandvery【B2】______thing.Locatedin【B3】______London,theRitzhotelisespeciallywellkno
G8summitisdiscussing【B1】______aid,【B2】______debtand【B3】______fairertradingsystems.Meanwhile,【B4】______ofAfrica’sfor
A、Thebusinessisestablishedinallmajorworldmarkets.B、Thebrandnameornamesareinternational.C、Thebusinesshasaglob
A、reunionofthetwonationsB、reunionofthegovernmentsC、reunionoffamiliesseparatedD、returnofformerSouthKoreanprison
随机试题
纯铜的熔化极氩弧焊工艺,最重要的焊接参数是电流密度。
[*]
使用口外弓推磨牙向远中时,使用的牵引力每侧
右心衰竭时不会发生淤血水肿的器官是
牙龈切除术的适应证不包括
A、《新修本草》B、《神农本草经》C、《证类本草》D、《植物名实图考》E、《本草纲目》我国和世界上的第一本药典性质的本草为
患儿,男,3岁。诊断为法洛四联症。患儿缺氧发作时宜采取的体位是
下列晶体中熔点最高的是()。
社会工作者应当对那些立即需要帮助而本机构或社会工作者无法给予及时帮助的服务对象提供转介服务,允许转介的情况有()。
党中央国务院通过媒体发布文件,让重大决策直接与广大群体见面,这种行文方式属于()。
最新回复
(
0
)