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  3. You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what a leader is supposed to consider when making big decisions. Choos

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what a leader is supposed to consider when making big decisions. Choos

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问题     You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what a leader is supposed to consider when making big decisions. Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
[A] Breaking all constraints
[B] Timeline to execution
[C] The purpose of the decision
[D] Known unknowns and unknown unknowns
[E] Wrong is never permanent
[F] Resource accessibility
[G] Playing to self-interest
    Leadership in any capacity requires a laser-like focus, complete awareness of the problem set, and a willingness to "move the needle" when faced with uncertainty. Leaders must, at any point, be willing to make a split-second decision with potentially long-lasting and profound impacts.
    Here are five criteria to consider when making your next big decision:
    【C1】________________
    In the military, there was (and still is) a pecking order of priority upon which decisions are based. The mission always came first, followed by what would serve the team, and finally, what would serve the individual. The individual always comes last because he or she was always the smallest link in the organizational chain. Playing to self-interest serves little purpose, and that’ s not what a team or an organization is about.
    【C2】________________
    Well, "never" is a strong word, but you get the idea. I’ve said before that failure is only determined by where you choose to stop, and it also depends on how that particular problem is perceived. The higher one ascends within an organization. For example, the same problem that appears tricky at one level may not necessarily be the right one to solve for at another. Seek as many viewpoints as you can to enhance your understanding of the situation.
    【C3】____________
    There are internal and external influences that shape the feasibility of execution along a given timeline. Internal influences refer to the competency of you and your team to execute the decision in the given time, whereas external influences signify the driving forces that impact the deadline that you have no control over, such as weather, the economy or market demand.
    You want to ask yourself two questions. First, "Is now the right time to decide?" If the answer is yes, then your next question is, "Am I capable of executing the decision?" If the answer is no then ask "why?"
    【C4】________________
    These are the constraints surrounding the execution of your decisions.
    A known unknown is when you realize a specific intangible exists but can’t quantify how much, such as traffic. For instance, you’re aware that rush hour in Los Angeles never really has an end point, so it could take you from 20 minutes to two hours to travel from A to B. The point is, you know that uncertainty exists but don’t know how much. Unknown unknowns are when Murphy likes to throw another wrench in the mix that you simply can’ t plan for, such as a vehicle accident or engine breakdown.
    Try to identify all constraints as best you can so you know how to align them towards the purpose of your decision.
    【C5】________________
    If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. The result of any effort will depend in part on the resources used to execute it, so be sure to identify not only the primary resources available but also secondary ones, too. Every decision should have a contingency plan for when those unknown unknowns arise and deem your primary course of action obsolete.
    Decision-making can paralyze you if you’re not prepared. Tackle your next major dilemma using the aforementioned considerations and feel better about the decisions you come to.
【C4】
选项
答案D
解析 本题后面的段落中出现了A known unknown is…Unknown unknowns are…，与此 呼应的是D项Known unknowns and unknown unknowns(已知的未知和未知的未知)。干 扰项为A项Breaking all constraints(打破所有限制)。虽然下面紧接的段落有constraints， 但本题所在的第三段说Try to identify all constraints，原文并没有提到要break all constraints，故不选。
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