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  3. Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of ho

Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of ho

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问题     Economics has often been criticized as a science concerned only with the short term, to the exclusion of the consideration of how short-term goals affect long-term consequences. While it is true that economics is generally focused on achieving short-term maximization of resources, it must be kept in mind that the long-term is never neglected. One of the most intrinsic concepts in the field of economics is game theory, which examines how the choices immediately facing an individual will affect his subsequent breadth of choices that emerge afterward.
    For example, consider the case of a manager of a business who must decide whether to create a shoddy product, aware of the fact that ignorant buyers will buy an equal amount of the item regardless of its quality, since they know nothing about it yet. Assume that creating a shoddy product is less expensive than creating merchandise of higher quality. Short-term economics would argue that it is the best course of action for the manager to create the low-quality item, since the same reward would be achieved for a lower price.
    More properly applied economics, however, would demand further consideration, taking into account the long-term. While creating a shoddy product in the long term would boost short-term profits, it would also cause buyers not to purchase from the manager’s company in the future, resulting in a significant loss in long-term profits. Consequently, the boost in short-term profit would have to be weighed against the loss in long-term profits, providing a more realistic and applicable aspect to the decision making process. When game theory comes into play, economics becomes a more useful tool in real-world situations.
    Having examined the way in which game theory is applied, its name now makes sense. Game theory is similar to a chess game, in which the effects of one’s choices on the other players in "the game" must be considered prior to action. In that sense, the application of economics to practical decision-making becomes at once more complicated yet more sensible. One must always be thinking ahead and anticipating future scenarios based on current situations, for although economics is concerned with maximization, maximization is a long-term, not a short-term, goal.
From the text we learn that______.
选项 A、game theory is arguably the most important aspect of applied economics
B、most people are unaware of the existence of game theory in economics, thus spurring criticism
C、without game theory, economics is of very little use to practical decision-making
D、game theory makes applied economics more practical and useful
答案D
解析 属信息推断题。第三段最后一句指出：如果运用博弈理论，经济学就会成为现实世界中一个更加有用的工具。由此可知，选项D正确。选项A与本句意思不符(most的语气太绝对)；选项B与文章第一句内容不符：人们常常批评经济学，说它是一门只关注短期利益的学科，完全不考虑短期目标对长期结果的影响；选项C与第三段第三句不符(见第17题分析)。
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