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  3. The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have incre

The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have incre

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问题     The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be "all things to all people". In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism(野心; 追求名利)while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, "the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education for their students." The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an "integrated core" of common learning. Such a core would introduce students "to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. "
    Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed "Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most." Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure(终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in leaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that "There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. "
American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because______.
选项 A、most of them lack high-quality faculties
B、the interests of most faculty members lie in research
C、there are not enough incentives for students to study hard
D、they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching
答案D
解析 本题为事实细节题，提问的是一半的美国大学生不能毕业的原因是什么。文章第二段讲述了学校只重视科研而忽视教学(这正是选项D)的意思)导致危机产生，所以“Not surprisingly，over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half oftheir four—year degree candidates”，故D)项正确。文中并未提到学校没有高水平的教员，也术提到学生因没有足够的动力而不努力学习的问题，故A)、C)两项均不是答案。从文章最后三句话可知，教师更多的是对教学而不是对科研感兴趣，他们重视科研是因为学校重视科研，而不是他们兴趣之真正所在，因此B)项也是错误的。故本题选D)项。
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