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  3. As more schools are set up today, learning is compulsory. It is an Ought, even worse, a Must, enforced by regular hours and rigi

As more schools are set up today, learning is compulsory. It is an Ought, even worse, a Must, enforced by regular hours and rigi

admin2014-12-11  101
问题     As more schools are set up today, learning is compulsory. It is an Ought, even worse, a Must, enforced by regular hours and rigid discipline. And the young sneer at the Oughts and resist the Musts with all their energy. The feeling often lasts through a lifetime. For too many of us, learning appears to be a surrender of our own will to external direction, a sort of enslavement.
    This is mistake. Learning is a natural pleasure, inborn and instinctive, one of the essential pleasures of the human race. Watch a small child, at an age too young to have had any mental habits implanted by training. Some delightful films made by the late Dr. Arnold Gesell of Yale University show little creatures who can barely talk investigating problems with all the zeal and excitement of explorers, making discoveries with the passion and absorption of dedicated scientists. At the end of each successful investigation, there comes over each tiny face an expression of pure heartfelt pleasure.
    But if the pleasure of learning is universal, why are there so many dull, incurious people in the world? It is because they were made dull, by bad teaching, by isolation, by surrender to routine, sometimes, too, by the pressure of hard work and poverty, or by the toxin of riches, with all their ephemeral and trivial delights. With luck, resolution and guidance, however, the human mind can survive not only poverty but even wealth.
    This pleasure is not confined to learning from textbooks, which are too often tedious. But it does include learning from books. Sometimes when I stand in a big library like the library of Congress, or Butler Library at Columbia, and gaze around me at the millions of books, I feel a sober, earnest delight hard to convey except a metaphor. These are not lumps of lifeless paper, but minds alive on the shelves. From each of them goes out its own voice, as inaudible as the streams of sound conveyed by electric waves beyond the range of hearing, and just as the touch of a button on our stereo will fill the room with music, so by opening one of these volumes, one can call into range a voice far distant in time and space, and hear it speaking, mind to mind, heart to heart.
    But, far beyond books, learning means keeping the mind open and active to receive all kinds of experience. One of the best-informed men I ever knew was a cowboy who rarely read a newspaper and never a book, but who had ridden many thousands miles through one of the western states. He knew his state as thoroughly as a surgeon knows human body. He loved it. Not a mountain, not a canyon which had not much to tell him, not a change in the weather that could not interpret. And so, among the pleasures of learning, we should include travel, travel with an open mind, an alert eye and a visit to understand other people, other places, rather than looking in them a mirror image of oneself. If I were a young man today, I should have resolved to see — no, to learn — all the states before I was 35.
    Learning also means learning to practice, or at least to aspirate, an art. Every new art you learn appears like a new window on the universe; it is like acquiring a new sense. Because I was born and brought in Glasgow, Scotland, a hideous 19th-century industrial city, I did not understand the slightest thing about architecture until I was in my 20’s. Since then, I have learned a little about the art, and it has been a constant delight...As for reading books, this contains two different delights. One is the pleasure of apprehending the unexpected, such as when one meets a new author who has a new vision of the world. The other is of deepening one’s knowledge of a special field... Learning extends our lives (as Ptolemy said) into new dimensions. It is cumulative. Instead of diminishing in time, like health and strength, its returns go on increasing.
In the passage, the author cites several ways of learning EXCEPT
选项 A、learning from films.
B、learning from textbooks.
C、learning from experiences.
D、learning from arts.
答案A
解析 事实细节题。第二段第四句提到Amold博士拍摄幼儿们热切地研究问题的影片，是为了证明本段的主题：学习是一种与生俱来的天性，而不是为了说明看影片是学习的一种途径，故答案为[A]。文章后三段分别阐述了通过书本、经验以及对艺术的体验来学习，故[B]、[C]、[D]皆可排除。
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