首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
admin
2018-01-08
66
问题
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage.
A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.
Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments". The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don’t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruistic than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.
Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.
This does not mean it’s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.
From the first two paragraphs, we know that______.
选项
A、economic incentives actually discourage people to behave well
B、economists didn’t agree with Titmuss for the lack of empirical evidence
C、economists now prompt businesses to note down Titmuss’s claim
D、organizational and social progresses depend on economic incentives
答案
B
解析
此题为细节分析题。本题可采用排除法,根据选项内容确定答案位置,然后一一排除。第二段前两句是说:几十年前,经济学家对Richard Titmuss说的付钱让人献血会使献血者减少的说法持怀疑态度,认为其缺少经验证据。由此可判断,B选项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/iUBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
AftervisitingWidenerUniversityandlearningaboutitsprogramrequiring300hoursofcommunityserviceinthesurroundingpoo
HowdoyouexplaineconomicsinplainEnglish?TheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkhasbeenansweringthequestionwithaneven
HowdoyouexplaineconomicsinplainEnglish?TheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkhasbeenansweringthequestionwithaneven
HowdoyouexplaineconomicsinplainEnglish?TheFederalReserveBankofNewYorkhasbeenansweringthequestionwithaneven
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itspeededupphysica
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itspeededupphysica
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itspeededupphysica
SupposeyoureceivedaninvitationletterfromLiHua,andwritealettertoaccepttheinvitation.Yourlettershouldinclude:
Everybodydoesn’tbelievethatrumor.
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.I
随机试题
在混凝土的质量控制中,应按试仵强度的()进行控制.
从教育系统运行的空间特性看,可以将教育形态划分为()。
云计算、物联网的发展应用主要体现了计算机发展的________特点。
A.粘连B.聚集C.叠连D.凝固E.凝集血型不相容的血液混合后,红细胞聚集成簇状称为()
肺气虚损,可引起的病理变化有
下列属于栓剂水溶性基质的是
复式记账法就是对每一项经济业务以相等的金额同时在总账及其所属明细账中进行登记的一种记账方法。()
在我国,拥有立法权的国家机关是()
教师职业道德养成的核心问题是()
WhereisMr.Nicholas’mainofficelocated?
最新回复
(
0
)