首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
admin
2021-01-06
26
问题
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws。
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed, _________.
选项
A、sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
B、educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
C、jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
D、states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
答案
B
解析
本题考查考生对细节的理解和把握能力。题干中的Jury Selection and Service Act很明显把题目定位在文章的最后一段,要求考生选择“在陪审员挑选和服务法案通过以后”带来的结果。该段的第二句中提到“这个法律取消了对联邦陪审员特殊的教育背景要求……”,因此选项[B]“在联邦陪审员的选择上教育背景的要求没有那么严格了”符合原文的意思,故为正确答案。选项[A]“陪审员挑选中的性别歧视是不符合宪法的,应该取缔”,虽然在本段中有所提及,但它是Taylor decision的结果,并非Jury Selection and Service Act带来的结果。选项[C]“国家级的陪审员应该代表整个社会”,和选项[D]“各州应该遵从联邦法院的规定来改革陪审团制度”也都是Taylor案的结果,所以均为干扰项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/iV1Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
ItisacknowledgedthatthemodernmusicalshowisAmerica’smostoriginalanddynamiccontributiontowardtheater.Inthelast
Theideathatmusicmakesyousmarterhasreceivedconsiderableattentionfromscholarsandthemedia.Currentinterestin【C1】__
Onereasonhumanbeingscanthriveinallkindsofclimatesisthattheycancontrolthequalitiesoftheairintheenclosedsp
Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest"GlobalReportonHumanSettlements"saysasignificantchangetookp
Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest"GlobalReportonHumanSettlements"saysasignificantchangetookp
Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.Whilepol
Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveres
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon.comreceivedonefori
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions1-5,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoac
[A]Indiarunslikeathreadthroughthistale.CottonwasbeingspunintheIndusValleyin3000BC:Herodotusadmireditsquali
随机试题
王某欠李某1000元钱,到期未还,李某持续3年未讨债,这一情况,构成()。A.取得时效期满B.王某太不讲信用C.李某太不注重自己的权利D.诉讼时效期满
具有辛凉透表,清热解毒功用的方剂是( )。
《药品管理法实施条例》规定,接受委托生产药品的企业,必须是持有与其受托生产的药品相适应的()
混凝土中氯离子含量越高,钢筋发生锈蚀的可能性越大。()
配电系统的内容是()。
某分部工程双代号网络计划如右图所示,根据绘图规则要求,该图正确的是()。
当市场变现强烈的上升或下降时,恒定混合策略在市场向上变动时获得了利润,在市场向下运动时减少了损失。()
甲公司为境内上市公司,专门从事能源生产业务。20×5年,甲公司发生的企业合并及相关交易或事项如下: (1)20×5年2月20日,甲公司召开董事会,审议通过了以换股方式购买专门从事新能源开发业务的乙公司80%股权的议案。20×5年3月10日,甲公司、乙公
结合材料回答问题:材料1马克思、恩格斯指出:“人们为了能够‘创造历史’,必须能够生活。但是为了生活,首先就需要吃喝住穿以及其他一些东西。因此第一个历史活动就是生产满足这些需要的资料,即生产物质生活本身。”材料220世纪50年代,北大荒人烟稀少、一
Apilotnoticedaballoonwhichseemedtobe【K1】______(make)foraRoyalAirForceStationnearby.Heinformedthestationaton
最新回复
(
0
)