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  3. Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believ

Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believ

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问题     Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’ t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase "substance abuse" is often used instead of " drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
    We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
    Drugs(substances)that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behaviour are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depress ants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic(from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting")because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.
What results in physical dependence on certain substances?
选项 A、Exclusive use of them for social purpose.
B、Applications of them to the treatment of disease.
C、Careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms.
D、Excessive consumption of them over long periods of time.
答案D
解析 原文定位于第二段，“Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substancedependence．”反复使用一种物质也会导致生理上瘾或药物依赖，“excessive consumption”对应“repeated use”，意为“过度使用”。因此，正确答案是D。
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