首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as
The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as
admin
2014-02-27
57
问题
The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as important to the proprietors of Tesco and Sainsbury’s as it is to their customers. However, there is a profound problem when it comes to so-called intellectual property(IP)— which requires a strong lead from government, and for which independent advice has never been more urgently required.
The myth is that IP rights are as important as our rights in castles, cars and corn oil. IP is supposedly intended to encourage inventors and the investment needed to bring their products to the clinic and marketplace. In reality, patents often suppress invention rather than promote it: drugs are "evergreened" when patents are on the verge of running out — companies buy up the patents of potential rivals in order to prevent them being turned into products. Moreover, the prices charged, especially for pharmaceuticals, are often grossly in excess of those required to cover costs and make reasonable profits.
IP rights are beginning to penetrate into every area of scientific endeavour. Even in universities, science and innovation, which have already been paid for out of the public purse, are privatised and resold to the public via patents acquired by commercial interests. The drive to commercialise science has overtaken not only applied research but also "blue-skies" research, such that even the pure quest for knowledge is deteriorated by the need for profit.
The fruits of science and innovation have nourished our society and economy for years, but nations unable to navigate our regulatory system are often excluded, as are vulnerable individuals. We need to consider how to balance the needs of science as an industry with the difficulty of those who desperately need the products of science.
Clearly it is vitally important that we continue to protect science and enable it to flourish. Science and the many benefits that science has produced have played a crucial part in our history and produced vast improvements to human welfare. It would be negligent of us if we failed to recognise the importance of science as an industry and investment in research to national and regional economic development; but against these economic concerns an overriding consideration must be the interests of the public and of humanity present and future. Science as an industry may be booming, but the benefits of science need to be more efficiently and more cheaply placed in the service of the public.
For science to continue to flourish, it is necessary that the knowledge it generates be made freely and widely available. IP rights have the tendency to block access to knowledge and the free exchange of ideas that is essential to science. So, far from stimulating innovation and the dissemination of the benefits of science, IP all too often hampers scientific progress and restricts access to its products.
The author’s attitude towards IP seems to be______.
选项
A、concerned
B、critical
C、biased
D、neutral
答案
B
解析
作者态度往往是作者在文章中的“语气”或“语调”中表现出来。作者在最后几句的措辞很准确地表现出来自己的立场:阻碍(block)知识获取:没有(far from)推动(stimulate)创新:妨碍(hamper)科学进步;限制(restrict)科学产品的普及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/iXO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Foodisdifferentfromareatoarea.TheFrencharefamousfortheirsauces,theItalianspraised【C1】______theirpasta-foodfrom
Foodisdifferentfromareatoarea.TheFrencharefamousfortheirsauces,theItalianspraised【C1】______theirpasta-foodfrom
Foodisdifferentfromareatoarea.TheFrencharefamousfortheirsauces,theItalianspraised【C1】______theirpasta-foodfrom
Foodisdifferentfromareatoarea.TheFrencharefamousfortheirsauces,theItalianspraised【C1】______theirpasta-foodfrom
Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhaveno
Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.Nuclearradiationha
Writeanessayof160~200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawings.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly
Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercial
[A]Itisalsousedtohelpstudentsgaintransitionskills:Studentswithautismordevelopmentaldelaycanvisitavirtualsup
Theprotectionofculturaldiversityfromapoliticalandeconomicpointofviewinfactbecamepressingwithglobalization,whi
随机试题
壶腹癌与胰腺癌鉴别诊断时,壶腹癌一般不会出现的异常是
适宜用开窍剂治疗的证候是()
蟾酥含量测定的指标成分为
关于大型项目设备试运行顺序的说法正确的有( )。
居民企业A在2010年以1000万元投资居民企业M,取得M企业30%的股权。2017年1月经M企业股东会批准,A企业决定撤资,撤资时M企业累计未分配利润与累计盈余公积合计数为3000万元,A企业撤资分得银行存款2000万元。则A企业该业务应缴纳企业所得税(
一般资料:王某,女性,22岁,公交车售票员。案例介绍:王某由其母亲带来,主诉两年来经常被人盯着看,她实在忍无可忍,现已严重影响了工作和生活。下面是心理咨询师和求助者的一段咨询对话咨询师:你能说说什么人盯着你吗?王某:
中西文化的基本差异之一就是,在人与自然的关系问题上,中国文化比较重视人与自然的和谐统一,而西方文化则强调,人要征服自然、改造自然才能求得自己的生存和发展。中国文化的这种特色,有时通过“天人合一”的命题表述出来。中国古代思想家一般都反对把天与人割裂开来、对立
文物:毁坏:修复
如果你是驻外使馆负责领事保护的工作人员,当地发生侵害华人利益的各类事件,例如打砸抢烧等。领导让你对此事写一份应对措施方案,你怎么办?追问:你该如何通知分散在所在国各地的中国留学生?
开常州词牌之风的词人是_______。
最新回复
(
0
)