首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The communists’ preoccupation with economic growth and their whole attitude towards economic progress have been shaped by Marx’s
The communists’ preoccupation with economic growth and their whole attitude towards economic progress have been shaped by Marx’s
admin
2010-02-20
21
问题
The communists’ preoccupation with economic growth and their whole attitude towards economic progress have been shaped by Marx’s theory of long-run development of human society. This theory places economic development at the center of the entire social philosophy and it is impossible to study the Marxists’ political, social and economic views without referring to it. Without the knowledge of this theory it is difficult to understand the communists’ dogmatic belief in the superiority of their system, whatever are the observable facts, and their faith in the final victory over capitalism. Economic development has to lead, sooner or later, to socialism and communism and it is necessary to build socialism and, later, communism to make future economic growth possible. This principle is valid for all countries without any exception. They all have to proceed along the same path although they may be placed at different points of it at present. Such is the logic of history.
This theory, which is usually referred to as "historical materialism", "the materialistic conception of history", or "Marx’s historical determinism", is believed by Marxists to be useful not only as the explanation of the past and the present but also as the basis for the prediction of the future course of history. As the final judgment on any prophecy has to be made in the light of the subsequent events, it is interesting to compare the developments since the theory was presented by Marx with the pattern which could have been expected on the basis of Marx’s prediction. The purpose of this paper is to outline briefly such a comparison and to discuss the communist explanation of the disparity, which had appeared between the actual and the predicted course of e- vents. The paper does not attempt to evaluate the philosophical aspects of the theory, its materialism, one-sidedness and methodological oversimplification. Similarly, the value of the theory as a summary of the past historical events preceding the time when it was presented by Marx and its merits and weaknesses as one of the numerous "stages of growth" theories are not discussed.
Marx’s theory accepts as its basis that man’s life is a conscious struggle with the natural environment, the struggle which takes the form of production as "life involves, before everything else, eating and drinking, a habitation, clothing, and many other things". The process of production is the interaction between man and nature and it takes the form of social labor. Man has to improve his instruments of production in order to master the natural environment but "the development of these instruments follows a definite sequence" as "each new improvement and invention can be made only on the basis of those that have preceded it, and must rest upon gradually accumulated production experience, the labor skills and knowledge of the people... ". Production is carried on as a social process, because "in the process of producing material wealth, people, whether they like it or not, find themselves in some way linked with another and the labor of each producer becomes a part of the social labor." These relationships among men are called the "relations of production". They exist independently of human consciousness and this gives them their materialistic character. They are determined by the level of development and the nature of productive forces. (546)
The author indicates that the typical communist _______.
选项
A、is more interested in the success of communism than in the welfare of his own family
B、has the same fundamental interests as the non-communist
C、has the authoritative--if not arrogant--opinion about the advantages of communism over capitalism
D、is afraid to express his true beliefs for fear of punishment
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。文中第——段第三句Without the knowledge of this theory it is difficult to understand the communists’ dogmatic belief in the superiority of their system,whatever are the observable facts,and their faith in the final victory over capitalism.从反面指出如果不了解这一理论,就难以理解共产主义者对他们相对于资本主义的优越性以及最终战胜资本主义的坚定信念。由此可知C为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/iavO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheWelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofWelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifWelshwouldgoth
ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptionalSmallwonder.Americans’lifeexpe
OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderst
A、Theybuildmonuments.B、Theytellstoriesfromparentstochildren.C、Theywritethingsdown.D、Theymakeprofessionalhistori
Itisdifficulttogiveadescriptionof【C1】______becausetheyvaryfromstatetostateandcitytocity.Sometownsallowth
Weoftenhearandreadaboutcontroversialissuesinscienceandtechnology.Forexample,willradiationfromelectronicequipm
Actually,though,America,the"landofimmigrants",hasalwayshadpeopleofmanydifferentnationalitiesandlanguages.The19
A、Wedrovetothecitybecausewehadmissedtheflight.B、Wethoughtitwassafertotaketheroadtransportation.C、Wedecided
A、Atapublicforum.B、OnTV.C、Inanauditorium.D、Inaclassroom.B采访一开始,主持人就说:“Goodeveningandwelcometotonight’sprogram”
随机试题
A.子宫平滑肌发生的良性肿瘤B.子宫平滑肌发生的恶性肿瘤C.子宫内膜腺上皮发生的恶性肿瘤D.子宫颈鳞状上皮发生的恶性肿瘤E.绒毛滋养层细胞发生的恶性肿瘤子宫平滑肌瘤
公民、法人或者其他组织认为行政行为所依据的国务院部门和地方人民政府及其部门制定的规范性文件不合法,在对行政行为提起诉讼时,可以()请求对该规范性文件进行审查。
在下列避免国际双重征税的方法中,税负最重的是
2005年1月一对夫妇甲和乙因交通事故死亡。甲和乙均为中国公民,住所在日本,其子丙现年10岁。出生在美国,具有美国国籍,在日本境内有住所,甲和乙的财产中动产位于中国,不动产分别位于美国和加拿大。请回答下列问题。现其亲友因监护问题发生争执诉至中国某法院,
聚四氟乙烯具有极强的耐腐蚀性,几乎耐所有的化学药品,除此之外还具有的特性为()。
户籍管理工作主要包括()。
三国时期下列地区中经济发展水平最高的是()
Besidethe580FreewayeastoftheSanFranciscoRay,thehillsarealivewiththesoundofwhooshing.Windturbinescovertheh
この質問は子ども()難しすぎますよ。
Onewaytoconservewateristo______dishes,insteadofrinsingthem,beforeloadingthedishwasher.
最新回复
(
0
)