2. 外语
  3. Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche(精神)was superiority. Although【1】he believed that individu

Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche(精神)was superiority. Although【1】he believed that individu

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问题     Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche(精神)was superiority. Although【1】he believed that individuals struggled to【2】superiority over others, Adler eventually developed a more【3】definition of the drive for superiority.
    Adler’s【4】of striving for superiority does not refer to the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we【5】seek to surpass one another in【6】or position, nor did he mean that we seek to【7】an exaggerated importance over our【8】.
    Rather, Adler’s drive for superiority involves the desire, to be competent and effective, complete and【9】, in whatever one strives to do.
    Striving for superiority occasionally takes the【10】of an exaggerated lust for power. An individual may seek to play god and exercise【11】over objects and people. The goal may introduce a【12】tendency into our lives, in which we play games of "dog eat dog". But such【13】of the desire for superiority do not reflect its more【14】, constructive nature.
    According to Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for survival that human beings share with other species in the【15】of evolution. From this【16】, life is not【17】by the need to reduce【18】or restore equilibrium, as Sigmund Freud tended to think; instead, life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from【19】to superior. The particular ways in which individuals undertakes their【20】for superiority are determined by their culture, their unique history, and their style of life.
【17】
选项 A、motivated
B、instituted
C、characterized
D、compelled
答案A
解析 选项A表示“激起；激发”。motivate往往指外界因素“刺激”某人或某物使之改变惰性、冷淡、迟钝等状态，发挥出更大的能量，焕发出更高的热情，加快事物发展过程。根据文章一致性原则，“motivate”与下文的“encourage”形成一种照应。而选项B“设立，设置，制定”，选项C“表示……的特性；描述……特性”，选项D“强迫，使不得不；强求，强使发生”均不构成照应，不符合题意。
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