2. 外语
  3. Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach the

Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach the

admin2012-07-05  52
问题     Some guidelines that advise people how to lose weight are seriously flawed and grossly overstate how quickly they will reach their targets, scientists say.
    Researchers found people lost only half as much weight as expected in a year if they followed the advice given by the U. S. health organizations.
    The problem came to light when government scientists at the U. S. National Institutes of Health in Maryland realized standard weight loss advice failed to account for changes in metabolism (新陈代谢) as people lost weight.
    The rule used by the health organizations assumes that if a person cuts 500 calories from his daily diet, he will lose about 450g each week, regardless of how long he adhered to the regime (制度). But as people lose weight, their metabolism slows until they reach a new stable bodyweight. Their weight loss is further complicated by how much body fat and muscle they have when they start dieting.
    Using the flawed weight loss guidelines, obesity rates in the U. S. could be cut from 67% to 50% in five years. But when he did the calculation again, taking metabolism into account, the figures were less rosy. After five years of the tax, obesity might drop to 62% , but crucially fall no further.
    Last year, researchers writing in the Lancet called on governments to bring in measures to reverse the rise of obesity, which could affect an extra 11 million people in the UK in the next 20 years. Almost 50% of British men could be obese by 2030, they wrote.
    Based on the work, Hall and his colleagues have created an online tool that people from adolescence to late middle age can use to get more accurate advice on how to lose weight. The tool, which can be used by GPs and patients, then works out how many calories they need to cut, either through dieting or more exercise, and how they can then maintain the healthier weight.
    Rather than demoralizing (使......失去信心) people, Hall hopes more accurate advice would help overweight and obese people have realistic expectations.
Government scientists at the U. S. National Institutes of Health recognized that standard weight loss advice______.
选项 A、was a completely right advice for everybody to follow
B、could not explain the changes of body metabolism
C、failed to change the developing standard of body fat
D、was useless for anybody who wanted to lose weight
答案B
解析 事实细节题。根据定位段，当马里兰的美国国家卫生研究院的政府科学家意识到标准化的减肥建议不能解释减肥过程中新陈代谢的变化时，这一问题便暴露了出来。B)含义与之吻合，explain与原文中的account for是同义替换，故为答案。原文未提及这一减肥建议对于每一个人都适用或都不适用，故排除A)和D)；C)是埘原文意思的杂糅，故排除。
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