Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggest

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问题     Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages【C1】______our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have【C2】______long-term consequences.
    There has been a lot of research【C3】______how we deal with the future.【C4】______, the famous marshmallow studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist【C5】______is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that【C6】______they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future【C7】______became more successful young adults.
    Chen’s recent findings suggest that an unlikely【C8】______, language, strongly influences our future-oriented【C9】______Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future【C10】______other languages can only weakly tell them apart. Chen’s recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better【C11】______for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to【C12】______their health. The way these people conceive the future is similar【C13】______the way they conceive the present. As a result, the future does not feel very【C14】______and it is easier for them to act【C15】______their future interests.
    Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. The analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement【C16】______smoke less, exercise more, and【C17】______be healthier in older age. Language also has an impact on countries’ national savings rates.
    Chen’s research shows that language【C18】______our future-related thoughts. And the research also points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can【C19】______the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have significant【C20】______on our judgments and decisions.
【C6】

选项 A、since
B、when
C、if
D、though

答案C

解析 实验者给孩子们一颗糖,但他们被告知会得到两颗(will get two marsh mallows),而得到两颗糖的前提是:他们等到实验者回来再吃。C项if意为“如果”,表示条件,指如果他们能等到实验者回来再吃糖就会获得两颗。
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