首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction
admin
2018-03-16
85
问题
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction to poison ivy each year. Poison ivy is often very difficult to spot. It closely resembles several other common garden plants, and can also blend in with other plants and weeds. But if you come into contact with it, you’ 11 soon know by the itchy, blistery rash that forms on your skin. Poison ivy is a red, itchy rash caused by the plant that bears its name. Many people get it when they are hiking or working in their garden and accidentally come into direct contact with the plant’ s leaves, roots, or stems. The poison ivy rash often looks like red lines, and sometimes it forms blisters.
【R1】______
About 85 percent of people are allergic to the urushiol in poison ivy, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Only a tiny amount of this chemical—1 billionth of a gram—is enough to cause a rash in many people. Some people may boast that they’ ve been exposed to poison ivy many times and have never gotten the rash, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they’ re not allergic. Sometimes the allergy doesn’ t emerge until you’ ve been exposed several times, and some people develop a rash after their very first exposure. It may take up to ten days for the rash to emerge the first time.
【R2】______
Here are some other ways to identify the poison ivy plant. It generally grows in a cluster of low, weed-like plants or a woody vine which can climb trees or fences. It is most often found in moist areas, such as riverbanks, woods, and pastures. The edges of the leaves are generally smooth or have tiny "teeth". Their color changes based on the season—reddish in the spring; green in the summer; and yellow, orange, or red in the fall. Its berries are typically white.
【R3】______
The body’ s immune system is normally in the business of protecting us from bacteria, viruses, and the foreign invaders that can make us sick. But when urushiol from the poison ivy plant touches the skin, it instigates an immune response, called dermatitis, to what would otherwise be a harmless substance. Hay fever is another example of this type of response; in the case of hay fever, the immune system overreacts to pollen, or another plant-produced substance.
【R4】______
The allergic reaction to poison ivy is known as delayed hypersensitivity. Unlike immediate hypersensitivity, which causes an allergic reaction within minutes of exposure to an antigen, delayed hypersensitivity reactions don’ t emerge for several hours or even days after the exposure.
【R5】______
In the places where your skin has come into contact with poison ivy leaves or urushiol, within one to two days you’ll develop a rash, which will usually itch, redden, burn, swell, and form blisters. The rash should go away within a week, but it can last longer. The severity of the reaction often has to do with how much urushiol you’ ve touched. The rash may appear sooner in some parts of the body than in others, but it doesn’t spread—the urushiol simply absorbs into the skin at different rates in different parts of the body. Thicker skin such as the skin on the soles of your feet, is harder to penetrate than thinner skin on your arms and legs.
A. Because urushiol is found in all parts of the poison ivy plant—the leaves, stems, and roots—it’ s best to a-void the plant entirely to prevent a rash. The trouble is, poison ivy grows almost everywhere in the United States(with the exception of the Southwest, Alaska, and Hawaii), so geography won’ t help you. The general rule to identify poison ivy, "leaflets three, let it be, " doesn’t always apply. Poison ivy usually does grow in groups of three leaves, with a longer middle leaf—but it can also grow with up to nine leaves in a group.
B. Most people don’t have a reaction the first time they touch poison ivy, but develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure. Everyone has a different sensitivity, and therefore a slightly different reaction, to poison ivy. Sensitivity usually decreases with age and with repeat exposures to the plant.
C. Here’ s how the poison ivy response occurs. Urushiol makes its way down through the skin, where it is metabolized, or broken down. Immune cells called T lymphocytes(or T-cells)recognize the urushiol derivatives as a foreign substance, or antigen. They send out inflammatory signals called cytokines, which bring in white blood cells. Under orders from the cytokines, these white blood cells turn into macrophages. The macrophages eat foreign substances, but in doing so they also damage normal tissue, resulting in the skin inflammation that occurs with poison ivy.
D. Poison ivy’ s cousins, poison oak and poison sumac, each have their own unique appearance. Poison oak grows as a shrub(one to six feet tall). It is typically found along the West Coast and in the South, in dry areas such fields, woodlands, and thickets. Like poison ivy, the leaves of poison oak are usually clustered in groups of three. They tend to be thick, green, and hairy on both sides. Poison sumac mainly grows in moist, swampy areas in the Northeast, Midwest, and along the Mississippi River. It is a woody shrub made up of stems with rows of seven to thirteen smooth-edged leaflets.
E. The culprit behind the rash is a chemical in the sap of poison ivy plants called urushiol. Its name comes from the Japanese word " urushi, " meaning lacquer. Urushiol is the same substance that triggers an allergic reaction when people touch poison oak and poison sumac plants. Poison ivy, Eastern poison oak, Western poison oak, and poison sumac are all members of the same family—Anacardiaceae.
F. Call your doctor if you experience these more serious reactions:
Pus around the rash(which could indicate an infection).
A rash around your mouth, eyes, or genital area.
A fever above 100 degrees.
A rash that does not heal after a week.
【R4】
选项
答案
C
解析
接下来讲的是人体的免疫系统与毒藤之间的关系。毒藤会使人产牛什么样的反应,该空紧接的就是毒藤过敏反应是如何产生的。“Here’s how the poison ivy response occurs.”一句承上启下。所以本题应选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ixWd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Detailsoftheprivatelifeofanastronautarehardtocomeby,becausetheyare______.Inpolitics,astronautsaregenerally_
Pollutionisa"dirty"word.Topollutemeanstocontaminate—topsoilsomethingbyintroducingimpuritieswhichmake(31)unfito
Pollutionisa"dirty"word.Topollutemeanstocontaminate—topsoilsomethingbyintroducingimpuritieswhichmake(31)unfito
ThenewprestigeoftheBritishgraduatesisthemostspectacularbecauseinthepastBritainhasbeenmuch(31)interestedinu
______tellsusthatthegovernmentwillgivesupporttoemployers,whoofferpart-timejobs?______statesthatemployerscanbe
WhatkindofoverviewdoesthebookintendtogiveaboutAmericansociety?
Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectsisthepassagemainlyconcerned?Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaseffectsofma
Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscuss?
Whatwasthecauseofthetragedy?
Whatiscommontragedyeverywhereaccordingtothepassage?
随机试题
A、She’sworriedabouttheseminar.B、Themankeepsinterruptingher.C、Shefindsittoohard.D、Shelacksinterestinit.D
20世纪90年代以来,我国利用行政发展的(),通过转变政府职能来精简政府机构,取得了较大成功。()
[2005年第39题]地下连续墙属于地下防水工程中的哪类工程?
【背景资料】某投资公司建造一幢办公楼,采用公开招标方式选择施工单位。招标文件要求:提交投标文件和投标保证金的截止时间为2011年5月30日。该投资公司于2011年3月6日发出招标公告,共有5家建筑施工单位参加了投标。第5家施工单位于2011年6月
在市场经济国家,公路、地铁、无线电视大都是由国家而不是由私人来投资的,其合理的经济学解释是,上述部门( )。
A公司是—家生产企业,属于增值税一般纳税人,财务会计制度健全,纳税记录良好。公司今年引入了—项新的技术,新技术的运用使得公司的生产效率得到了极大的改善和提高,产品成本也大幅度下降。A公司会计为王某,从事成本核算和出纳工作。王某的好友李某在B公司任职,B公司
“学不躐等”“不陵节而施”体现了__________原则。
商洽性文件的主要文种是()。
Incountryaftercountry,talkofnonsmokers’rightisintheair.Whileamajorityofcountrieshavetakenlittle(1)_____yet,
某商场的部门、员工和商品三个实体之间的关系如下图所示。假设每个部门有若干名员工,每种商品只能由一个部门负责销售,那么部门到员工、部门到商品之间分别存在着(33)的联系。如果用户要求得到表4所示的结果,需要(34),并增加关系模式(35)。如果查询某部门负责
最新回复
(
0
)