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  3. All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor

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问题     All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will; this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.
    A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who don’t complete school in her city, replied, "I can tell you their names if you want." In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school—80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years.
    These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a child’s chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.
    Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of school—don’t ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.
    Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore’s are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers.
    Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.
The most important educational factor for a child to achieve success in school and life is to______.
选项 A、receive a good and early pre-schooling
B、prolong his or her learning time in school
C、get instruction from more excellent teachers
D、get person-to-person help from the teachers
答案A
解析 细节题。第三段提到，上文的成功案例给了我们很多启示。首先是让孩子早些入学。高质量的学前教育比其他教育因素更能帮助孩子在学校和生活中取得成功。可知，[A]“尽早受到良好的学前教育”是孩子在学校和生活中取得成功的最重要的因素，故为正确答案。[B]“延长孩子的在校学习时间”、[C]“得到更加优秀教师的教导”和[D]“得到教师一对一的帮助”是本文谈及的另外二三条次要经验，均不符合题目要求，故排除。
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