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  3. Victimization of a Person with a Disability A primary difference for a person with a disability who becomes a crime victim

Victimization of a Person with a Disability A primary difference for a person with a disability who becomes a crime victim

admin2014-07-20  56
问题                                 Victimization of a Person with a Disability
      A primary difference for a person with a disability who becomes a crime victim, however, is that the criminal victimization frequently compounds existing problems caused by a lack of accessibility to basic social services, poverty, institutionalization, and other barriers to equal rights. A crime that would be damaging to an able-bodied person is frequently a devastating blow to a person with a disability. Indeed, for many, it is the criminal assault itself that results in a disability; the ability to move, to communicate, to understand, is disrupted temporarily or permanently.
     Many people with disabling conditions are especially vulnerable to victimization because of their real or perceived inability to fight or flee, or to notify others and testify about the victimization. Frequently, because a person with a disability may be more physically frail, the victimization may exacerbate existing health or mental health problems. For those who hope that their disability may "protect" them from criminal victimization, it is shocking to learn that many criminals do not act upon a perceived "desirability" of the intended victim. Indeed, many perpetrators may be unaware that their victims have a disability. Here, the victim is truly random, another one of us in the wrong place at the wrong time.
      Another reality is that many offenders are motivated by a desire to obtain control over the victim and measure their potential prey for vulnerabilities. Many people with disabilities, because they are perceived as unable to physically defend themselves, or identify the attacker, or call for help, are perfect targets for such offenders. People with disabilities are also vulnerable to abuse by the very professionals and other caregivers who provide them with services. Just as many pedophiles gravitate to youth-serving occupations, so do many other predators seek work as caregivers to people with disabilities.
     People who are victimized are, therefore, vulnerable to exacerbated suffering. Most victims will experience a sense of shock, disbelief, or denial that the crime occurred, often followed by cataclysmic emotions: fear, anger, confusion, guilt, humiliation and grief, among others. But people with disabilities may have intensified reactions because they may already feel stigmatized and often have low self-esteem due to societal attitudes. The sense of self-blame, confusion, vulnerability, and loss of trust may be exaggerated, as may be an ambivalence or negativity related to their perception of their bodies. Denial and avoidance of the need to cope with the aftermath may complicate the identification of crime victims with a disability. Some victims, particularly elderly and those with developmental disabilities, will need services designed to enhance a feeling of safety and security regarding future victimization.
People with disabilities, even before they are victimized, have such problems as
选项 A、a lack of basic social services.
B、impoverishment.
C、institutionalization.
D、barriers to equal rights.
答案A
解析 根据提问，查到第一段中有关的句子caused by a lack of accessibility to basic social services, poverty, institutionalization, and other barriers to equal rights。答案是A。因为原句中讲到没有能够得到基本的社会服务，而不是缺乏基本的社会服务。单词institutionalization指的是对残疾人不利的社会制度和习俗。
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